{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128799208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b38604.1","title":"Galena geochemistry as recorder of and pathfinder for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: A case study of the Keketale volcanogenic massive sulfide\u2013type Pb-Zn deposit, Altai Mountains","display_name":"Galena geochemistry as recorder of and pathfinder for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: A case study of the Keketale volcanogenic massive sulfide\u2013type Pb-Zn deposit, Altai Mountains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128799208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b38604.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1130/b38604.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b38604.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b38604.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3271665","display_name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","issn_l":"0016-7606","issn":["0016-7606","1943-2674"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319845","host_organization_name":"Geological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Geological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136484101","display_name":"Chao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5315-7596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5315-7596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5315-7596","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034504420","display_name":"Huishan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9249-5561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9249-5561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huishan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042943723","display_name":"Xiaoyong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-2890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-2890"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003760417","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-8358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-8358"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102627658","display_name":"Yu Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenhua Ji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhua Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101881697","display_name":"Yanguang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8364-9774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8364-9774"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanguang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mengqi Jin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengqi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits, Xi\u2019an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi\u2019an 710119, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005973820","display_name":"Mohamed Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3173-0455","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3173-0455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN","EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","4Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, El-Ismailia 41522, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, El-Ismailia 41522, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87287509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"138","issue":"7-8","first_page":"3487","last_page":"3505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.7231000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.7231000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13442","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits","score":0.12020000070333481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11740","display_name":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","score":0.08229999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcanogenic-massive-sulphide-deposits","display_name":"volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-zinc-deposits","display_name":"lead-zinc deposits","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altai-mountains","display_name":"Altai Mountains","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-elements","display_name":"trace elements","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pb-isotopes","display_name":"lead isotopes","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-fluids","display_name":"hydrothermal fluids","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest-classification","display_name":"random forest classification","score":0.8619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781139676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37559","display_name":"Galena","level":4,"score":0.9965999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.8233000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105006","display_name":"Sphalerite","level":3,"score":0.8044999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6864413","display_name":"Mineralization (soil science)","level":3,"score":0.5651999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79766335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940083","display_name":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit","level":4,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156622251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221","display_name":"Hydrothermal circulation","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780184401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927407","display_name":"Sulfide minerals","level":3,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112764850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380971","display_name":"Metamorphism","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780596425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221205","display_name":"Sulfide","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130452526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180621","display_name":"Diagenesis","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26687426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47069","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1130/b38604.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b38604.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b38604.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3271665","display_name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","issn_l":"0016-7606","issn":["0016-7606","1943-2674"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319845","host_organization_name":"Geological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Geological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135505599","https://openalex.org/W595159355","https://openalex.org/W1868127008","https://openalex.org/W1965639504","https://openalex.org/W1968176747","https://openalex.org/W1970688872","https://openalex.org/W1970798863","https://openalex.org/W1972349245","https://openalex.org/W1976550881","https://openalex.org/W1979759347","https://openalex.org/W1979831143","https://openalex.org/W1983581860","https://openalex.org/W1987940658","https://openalex.org/W2003323528","https://openalex.org/W2006513003","https://openalex.org/W2009678678","https://openalex.org/W2018093298","https://openalex.org/W2018960606","https://openalex.org/W2019695435","https://openalex.org/W2033758162","https://openalex.org/W2036143042","https://openalex.org/W2042795036","https://openalex.org/W2046447791","https://openalex.org/W2047807381","https://openalex.org/W2059404008","https://openalex.org/W2060128531","https://openalex.org/W2063039002","https://openalex.org/W2063902937","https://openalex.org/W2067814411","https://openalex.org/W2072798356","https://openalex.org/W2089096123","https://openalex.org/W2102678852","https://openalex.org/W2116132482","https://openalex.org/W2118541693","https://openalex.org/W2119786876","https://openalex.org/W2130626244","https://openalex.org/W2131142968","https://openalex.org/W2132769552","https://openalex.org/W2133042542","https://openalex.org/W2141951312","https://openalex.org/W2142257134","https://openalex.org/W2144701379","https://openalex.org/W2162334444","https://openalex.org/W2167590372","https://openalex.org/W2195715561","https://openalex.org/W2231608875","https://openalex.org/W2232897174","https://openalex.org/W2258239457","https://openalex.org/W2287708747","https://openalex.org/W2318010774","https://openalex.org/W2328037678","https://openalex.org/W2465999468","https://openalex.org/W2485245005","https://openalex.org/W2616380272","https://openalex.org/W2646039098","https://openalex.org/W2742088150","https://openalex.org/W2762664809","https://openalex.org/W2766131656","https://openalex.org/W2777512320","https://openalex.org/W2804649876","https://openalex.org/W2805920372","https://openalex.org/W2806293115","https://openalex.org/W2806924276","https://openalex.org/W2889071520","https://openalex.org/W2890974112","https://openalex.org/W2900855088","https://openalex.org/W2906450543","https://openalex.org/W2923327635","https://openalex.org/W2970379597","https://openalex.org/W2973174213","https://openalex.org/W2978765761","https://openalex.org/W2980923541","https://openalex.org/W3014857856","https://openalex.org/W3035267791","https://openalex.org/W3035412889","https://openalex.org/W3044109149","https://openalex.org/W3089677657","https://openalex.org/W3111628968","https://openalex.org/W3121495822","https://openalex.org/W3197966086","https://openalex.org/W3202959141","https://openalex.org/W4221102580","https://openalex.org/W4297142710","https://openalex.org/W4297328596","https://openalex.org/W4307751839","https://openalex.org/W4313422154","https://openalex.org/W4320497974","https://openalex.org/W4322723752","https://openalex.org/W4386788084","https://openalex.org/W4386917540","https://openalex.org/W4390837243","https://openalex.org/W4391469709","https://openalex.org/W4392647063","https://openalex.org/W4399959454"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Galena":[1],"is":[2,95,133],"a":[3,154,218,234],"common":[4],"economic":[5],"mineral,":[6],"but":[7],"galena":[8,24,43,57,64,70,77,110,132,152,191,228,252,282],"geochemistry":[9,25],"remains":[10],"poorly":[11],"understood":[12],"in":[13,47,58,65,285],"volcanogenic":[14],"massive":[15,59],"sulfide":[16,60],"(VMS)":[17],"deposits.":[18,274,300],"This":[19],"contribution":[20],"attempts":[21],"to":[22,184,193,206,267],"characterize":[23],"and":[26,62,86,138,143,150,160,179,186,201,209,212,258,295],"its":[27,34],"controlling":[28],"parameters,":[29],"as":[30,32,36,217],"well":[31],"assess":[33],"utility":[35],"an":[37],"exploration":[38,296],"indicator.":[39],"Two":[40],"generations":[41],"of":[42,126,131,148,240,271,281],"have":[44],"been":[45],"recognized":[46],"the":[48,81,124,194,259,269],"Keketale":[49],"VMS-type":[50],"Pb-Zn":[51,241,273],"deposit,":[52],"Altai":[53],"Mountains,":[54],"i.e.,":[55],"syngenetic":[56,82,149,185],"mineralization":[61,223],"epigenetic":[63,66,76,151,187],"superimposed":[67],"mineralization.":[68],"Syngenetic":[69],"exhibits":[71,197],"broad":[72],"trace-element":[73,129],"variations,":[74],"whereas":[75],"compositions":[78],"consistently":[79],"overlap":[80],"range.":[83],"Despite":[84],"metamorphism":[85],"remobilization,":[87],"galena\u2019s":[88],"structural":[89],"elements":[90,100,118],"remain":[91],"largely":[92],"unmodified.":[93],"It":[94],"inferred":[96],"that":[97,166,172,290],"almost":[98],"all":[99],"(Sb,":[101],"Ag,":[102],"As,":[103,121],"Cu,":[104,120],"Tl,":[105,199],"etc.)":[106,122],"are":[107,265],"incorporated":[108],"into":[109],"by":[111,136,176,251],"direct":[112],"and/or":[113],"coupled":[114],"substitutions,":[115],"though":[116],"some":[117],"(Zn,":[119],"constitute":[123],"components":[125],"micro-inclusions.":[127],"The":[128,145],"composition":[130],"principally":[134],"governed":[135],"temperature":[137],"coexisting":[139],"minerals":[140],"(notably":[141],"sphalerite":[142],"sulfosalts).":[144],"Pb":[146],"isotopes":[147],"define":[153],"mixing":[155],"line":[156],"between":[157],"host":[158],"sequences":[159],"concealed":[161],"old":[162],"crustal":[163],"materials,":[164],"indicating":[165],"metals":[167],"were":[168,173],"derived":[169,243],"from":[170,244],"strata":[171],"successively":[174],"leached":[175],"evolved":[177],"seawater-derived":[178],"later":[180],"metamorphic":[181],"fluids,":[182],"leading":[183],"mineralization,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"Notably,":[190],"proximal":[192],"hydrothermal":[195],"vent":[196],"elevated":[198],"Cd,":[200],"Sn":[202],"contents,":[203],"likely":[204,248],"due":[205],"higher":[207],"temperatures":[208],"fluid":[210],"fluxes,":[211],"this":[213,276],"trend":[214],"potentially":[215],"serves":[216],"vectoring":[219],"tool":[220],"for":[221,298],"locating":[222],"centers.":[224],"By":[225],"integrating":[226],"compiled":[227],"datasets":[229],"(n":[230],"=":[231],"1066)":[232],"with":[233],"random":[235],"forest":[236],"algorithm,":[237],"different":[238],"types":[239],"deposits":[242],"contrasting":[245],"fluids":[246],"can":[247],"be":[249],"distinguished":[250],"geochemistry.":[253],"Accordingly,":[254],"both":[255,292],"trained":[256],"classifiers":[257],"discrimination":[260],"diagram":[261],"(log[Tl]":[262],"vs.":[263],"log[Sn])":[264],"proposed":[266],"facilitate":[268],"classification":[270],"unassigned":[272],"Briefly,":[275],"study":[277],"refines":[278],"current":[279],"understanding":[280],"geochemical":[283],"systematics":[284],"VMS":[286,299],"deposits,":[287],"providing":[288],"insights":[289],"enhance":[291],"genetic":[293],"interpretation":[294],"strategies":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-02-14T00:00:00"}