{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128780452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","title":"Editorial: Innovations in pharmacogenomics: embracing diversity and clinical application","display_name":"Editorial: Innovations in pharmacogenomics: embracing diversity and clinical application","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128780452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41769688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016551871","display_name":"Maaike van der Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-6896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-6896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maaike Van der Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063274281","display_name":"Sarah Cargnin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-7817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-7817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123338534","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale \u201cAmedeo Avogadro\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/04387x656","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123338534"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Cargnin","raw_affiliation_strings":["2 Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale (UPO)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123338534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039731213","display_name":"Elena Peruzzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-1639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-1639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128630","display_name":"Centro di Riferimento Oncologico","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks1vk59","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128630","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Peruzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Department Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Department Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128630"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064011075","display_name":"Claudia Pisanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-4319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-4319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Pisanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059672412","display_name":"Rossana Roncato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-6182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4219-6182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128630","display_name":"Centro di Riferimento Oncologico","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks1vk59","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128630","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rossana Roncato","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Department Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS","Department of Medicine, University of Udine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Department Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128630"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064011075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1792867","last_page":"1792867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenomics","display_name":"pharmacogenomics","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-translation","display_name":"clinical translation","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp2c19","display_name":"CYP2C19","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-pump-inhibitors","display_name":"proton pump inhibitors","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p2y12-inhibitors","display_name":"P2Y12 inhibitors","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percutaneous-coronary-intervention","display_name":"percutaneous coronary intervention","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiplatelet-therapy","display_name":"antiplatelet therapy","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyp3a5","display_name":"CYP3A5","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacrolimus","display_name":"tacrolimus","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-glycoprotein","display_name":"P-glycoprotein","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation","display_name":"hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-response-biomarkers","display_name":"drug response biomarkers","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5764999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140840227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737532","display_name":"CYP2C19","level":4,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31467283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912147","display_name":"Genotyping","level":4,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777698277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266018","display_name":"Acute coronary syndrome","level":3,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55775858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics","level":4,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780400711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2008344","display_name":"Percutaneous coronary intervention","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141330323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2354820","display_name":"Evidence-based practice","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41769688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41769688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Editorial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.uniud.it:11390/1327429","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11390/1327429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401163","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","host_organization_name":"University of Udine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf8be6bf757042e8a68bd4410d15fe0d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf8be6bf757042e8a68bd4410d15fe0d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/482827","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11584/482827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12946834","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12946834/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1792867/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128780452.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128780452.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37,120,282,333,362,438,484,654,735,798],"Research":[1,396,889],"Topic":[2,397,890],"\"Innovations":[3],"in":[4,26,41,179,217,255,279,309,349,473,570,599,612,626,703,710,728,790,816,842,887,894,900],"PGx:":[5],"embracing":[6],"diversity":[7,400,635],"and":[8,31,59,70,79,95,110,127,149,168,199,228,273,276,286,291,313,329,346,359,375,383,401,422,432,463,502,517,534,609,623,664,687,697,771,788,819,825,839,849,855,863,870,879,903,924],"clinical":[9,23,55,83,271,319,388,403,706,725,817],"application\"":[10],"was":[11,192,584,594],"launched":[12],"to":[13,174,269,325,435,451,606,646,768,859,875,930],"highlight":[14],"studies":[15,126,143],"that":[16,129,144,365,689,807,905],"address":[17,147],"these":[18,434],"challenges":[19],"by":[20,157,233,336,467,557,637,714,803],"focusing":[21],"on":[22,343,357,505,754,834],"translation,":[24],"implementation":[25,389],"routine":[27,307,613],"settings,":[28,320],"ancestry-aware":[29],"approaches,":[30],"emerging":[32,769,928],"biomarkers":[33,770,929],"or":[34,135],"analytical":[35],"strategies.":[36],"eleven":[38],"articles":[39,886],"included":[40],"this":[42,395,576,600,615,888],"collection":[43],"reflect":[44],"the":[45,75,90,138,212,241,256,287,366,369,379,402,413,416,487,524,527,531,571,580,634,669,681,758,867,885,925],"breadth":[46],"of":[47,63,77,203,214,243,289,299,368,394,405,415,477,495,521,530,567,671,695,699,708,733,737,760,873,927],"contemporary":[48],"PGx,":[49],"spanning":[50],"commonly":[51],"prescribed":[52,109],"medicines,":[53],"high-risk":[54],"contexts,":[56],"multiethnic":[57,553],"cohorts,":[58,793],"expanding":[60],"molecular":[61],"determinants":[62],"drug":[64,97,461,840],"response.Several":[65],"contributions":[66],"revisit":[67],"established":[68],"pharmacogenes":[69],"widely":[71],"used":[72],"therapies,":[73],"emphasizing":[74],"importance":[76,759],"consolidating":[78],"clarifying":[80],"evidence":[81,321,380,490,532,550,674,899],"for":[82,140,381,536,652,813,881],"use.":[84],"Ibrahim":[85],"et":[86,159,235,339,409,470,559,629,716,779,829],"al.":[87,160,236,410,471,560,717,830],"1":[88],"review":[89,121,167,335,363,476,520,832],"relationship":[91],"between":[92,459,662,785],"CYP2C19":[93,172],"polymorphisms":[94,348],"adverse":[96,118,206],"reactions":[98],"associated":[99,193,480,585,596],"with":[100,194,481,497,586,597,642],"proton":[101],"pump":[102],"inhibitors":[103],"(PPIs).":[104],"While":[105],"PPIs":[106],"are":[107,132,231,316],"frequently":[108],"generally":[111],"well":[112],"tolerated,":[113],"concerns":[114,267],"persist":[115],"regarding":[116],"long-term":[117,150],"effects.":[119],"highlights":[122,526],"heterogeneity":[123,815],"across":[124,425,443,491,548,746,910],"observational":[125,355,578],"notes":[128],"existing":[130],"findings":[131,210,542],"often":[133],"conflicting":[134],"modest,":[136],"underscoring":[137],"need":[139],"appropriately":[141],"designed":[142],"can":[145,543,620,690],"better":[146],"confounding":[148],"outcomes.Clinical":[151],"translation":[152],"is":[153,385,398,465,555,712,908],"more":[154,386],"directly":[155],"addressed":[156,713],"Mohammed":[158],"2":[161],",":[162,238,562,719],"who":[163,239,563,720],"conducted":[164],"a":[165,200,244,296,391,448,474,492,518,552,729,795],"systematic":[166,334,475],"meta-analysis":[169],"evaluating":[170],"point-of-care":[171],"genotyping":[173,216],"guide":[175],"P2Y12":[176],"inhibitor":[177],"selection":[178],"patients":[180,738,755],"undergoing":[181],"percutaneous":[182],"coronary":[183],"intervention.":[184],"Across":[185],"randomized":[186],"controlled":[187],"trials,":[188],"genotype-guided":[189],"antiplatelet":[190],"therapy":[191],"reduced":[195],"recurrent":[196],"myocardial":[197],"infarction":[198],"lower":[201],"risk":[202,417],"composite":[204],"major":[205],"cardiovascular":[207],"events.":[208],"These":[209],"support":[211,691,915],"role":[213],"rapid":[215],"time-sensitive":[218],"settings":[219,310],"where":[220,311],"treatment":[221,607,804,820],"decisions":[222],"must":[223],"be":[224,304,811],"made":[225],"promptly.Implementation":[226],"science":[227],"service":[229,247],"design":[230],"represented":[232],"Alghamdi":[234],"3":[237],"describe":[240],"integration":[242,926],"multidisciplinary":[245],"PGx":[246,301,619,650,673,709,744,906],"into":[248,306],"an":[249,587,648,684],"underserved":[250],"integrated":[251,305],"behavioral":[252],"health":[253],"clinic":[254],"United":[257,572],"States.":[258],"Surveyed":[259],"clinicians":[260],"reported":[261,498],"high":[262],"perceived":[263],"potential":[264],"benefit":[265],"alongside":[266],"related":[268,376],"cost,":[270],"utility,":[272],"workflow":[274],"disruption,":[275],"expressed":[277],"interest":[278],"PGx-focused":[280],"training.":[281],"described":[283],"pharmacist-driven":[284],"model":[285],"use":[288],"preemptive":[290],"reactive":[292],"testing":[293],"pathways":[294,857],"offer":[295],"pragmatic":[297],"example":[298],"how":[300,447,618,846],"services":[302],"may":[303,453,810,851],"care":[308],"resources":[312],"access":[314],"constraints":[315,529],"prominent.In":[317],"specialized":[318],"synthesis":[322],"remains":[323],"essential":[324],"identify":[326],"actionable":[327,743],"signals":[328,499],"define":[330],"research":[331],"gaps.":[332],"Da":[337],"Costa-Junior":[338],"al":[340,630,780],"4":[341],".":[342,632,782],"CYP3A5,":[344],"CYP3A4,":[345],"ABCB1":[347,384],"hematopoietic":[350],"cell":[351],"transplantation":[352],"recipients":[353],"summarizes":[354],"data":[356,512,645],"tacrolimus":[358,373],"cyclosporine":[360],"outcomes.":[361],"reports":[364],"presence":[367],"CYP3A5*3":[370],"allele":[371,510],"influences":[372],"exposure":[374],"measures,":[377],"while":[378,822],"CYP3A4":[382],"limited.Besides":[387],"challenges,":[390],"core":[392],"focus":[393],"genetic":[399,478,541,604],"implications":[404],"population":[406],"variation.":[407],"Biswas":[408],"5":[411],"estimate":[412],"prevalence":[414],"alleles":[418],"CYP2C9":[419],"(*2,":[420],"*3)":[421],"VKORC1":[423],"c.-1639G>A":[424],"global":[426,519,672],"populations":[427],"using":[428],"1000":[429],"Genomes":[430],"data,":[431],"map":[433],"PGx-guideline-relevant":[436],"phenotypes.":[437],"analyses":[439],"show":[440],"substantial":[441,657],"differences":[442,547],"ancestry":[444,515,761],"groups,":[445,666],"illustrating":[446],"\"one-size-fits-all\"":[449],"approach":[450],"dosing":[452],"disproportionately":[454],"affect":[455],"specific":[456],"populations.The":[457,705],"interface":[458],"pharmacogenetics,":[460],"safety,":[462],"regulation":[464],"examined":[466],"Santos":[468],"Fidelis":[469],"6":[472],"variants":[479,504,696,809],"metamizole-induced":[482],"agranulocytosis.":[483],"authors":[485,682],"summarize":[486],"limited":[488],"available":[489],"small":[493],"number":[494],"studies,":[496],"including":[500,794],"HLA-C*04:01":[501],"multiple":[503],"chromosome":[506],"nine.":[507],"By":[508,602],"integrating":[509,638],"frequency":[511],"from":[513,551,724],"diverse":[514,627,731,911],"groups":[516],"regulatory":[522,546],"status,":[523,805],"study":[525,655,920],"current":[528],"base":[533],"argues":[535],"larger,":[537],"well-characterized":[538],"investigations":[539],"before":[540],"reasonably":[544],"inform":[545,621],"settings.Real-world":[549],"cohort":[554,732],"provided":[556],"Alqasrawi":[558],"7":[561],"evaluated":[564,747,783],"pharmacogenomic":[565],"predictors":[566],"rosuvastatin":[568],"discontinuation":[569,589,598],"Arab":[573],"Emirates.":[574],"In":[575,660],"prospective":[577],"study,":[579],"ABCG2":[581],"rs2231142":[582],"variant":[583],"increased":[588],"risk,":[590],"whereas":[591],"SLCO1B1":[592],"rs4149056":[593],"not":[595],"setting.":[601],"linking":[603],"variability":[605],"persistence":[608],"LDL-cholesterol":[610],"change":[611],"care,":[614],"work":[616,766],"illustrates":[617],"tolerability":[622],"adherence":[624],"considerations":[625],"populations.Acosta-Monterrosa":[628],"8":[631],"extend":[633],"lens":[636],"PharmGKB":[639],"variant-drug":[640],"annotations":[641],"local":[643],"allele-frequency":[644],"generate":[647],"ancestry-resolved":[649],"landscape":[651],"Colombia.":[653],"quantifies":[656],"inter-population":[658],"differences.":[659],"particular":[661],"African-leaning":[663],"European-leaning":[665],"thereby":[667],"highlighting":[668,757],"imbalance":[670],"toward":[675,918],"European":[676],"ancestry.":[677],"Beyond":[678],"documenting":[679],"disparities,":[680],"provide":[683],"analytic":[685],"framework":[686],"catalog":[688],"locally":[692],"informed":[693],"prioritization":[694],"calibration":[698],"precision":[700,932],"pharmacotherapy":[701],"approaches":[702],"admixed":[704],"utility":[707],"pediatrics":[711],"Maggo":[715],"9":[718],"extracted":[721],"PGx-relevant":[722],"information":[723],"exome":[726],"sequencing":[727],"racially":[730],"children.":[734],"majority":[736],"carried":[739],"at":[740],"least":[741],"one":[742],"phenotype":[745],"pharmacogenes.":[748,776],"Phenotype":[749],"frequencies":[750],"clearly":[751],"varied":[752],"based":[753],"ancestry,":[756],"awareness.This":[762],"topic":[763],"also":[764],"includes":[765],"pointing":[767],"mechanistic":[772,826],"hypotheses":[773],"beyond":[774],"classical":[775],"Abou":[777],"Warda":[778],"10":[781],"associations":[784],"SLC5A2":[786,808],"variation":[787],"outcomes":[789],"heart":[791],"failure":[792],"dapagliflozin-treated":[796],"population.":[797],"observed":[799],"genotypeoutcome":[800],"patterns":[801],"differed":[802],"suggesting":[806],"informative":[812],"understanding":[814],"trajectories":[818],"response,":[821],"warranting":[823],"replication":[824],"follow-up.Finally,":[827],"Xu":[828],"11":[831],"progress":[833],"N6-methyladenosine":[835],"(m6A)":[836],"RNA":[837,853],"modifications":[838],"resistance":[841,871],"gastrointestinal":[843],"tumors,":[844],"summarizing":[845],"\"writers,\"":[847],"\"erasers,\"":[848],"\"readers\"":[850],"influence":[852],"processing":[854],"downstream":[856],"relevant":[858],"chemotherapy,":[860],"targeted":[861],"agents,":[862],"immunotherapy.":[864],"They":[865],"explore":[866],"biological":[868],"function":[869],"mechanisms":[872],"m6A":[874],"synthesize":[876],"new":[877],"ideas":[878],"targets":[880],"future":[882],"treatment.In":[883],"summary,":[884],"underscore":[891],"important":[892],"developments":[893],"pharmacogenomics:":[895],"generating":[896],"clinically":[897],"useful":[898],"real-world":[901],"contexts":[902],"ensuring":[904],"knowledge":[907],"applicable":[909],"populations.":[912],"Collectively,":[913],"they":[914],"continued":[916],"efforts":[917],"inclusive":[919],"designs,":[921],"implementation-ready":[922],"pathways,":[923],"advance":[931],"medicine.":[933]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-24T07:32:12.397491","created_date":"2026-02-14T00:00:00"}