{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128724745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","title":"AdaMCoT: Rethinking Cross-Lingual Factual Reasoning Through Adaptive Multilingual Chain-of-Thought","display_name":"AdaMCoT: Rethinking Cross-Lingual Factual Reasoning Through Adaptive Multilingual Chain-of-Thought","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128724745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48448/9f02-x945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053148","display_name":"Underline Science Inc.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125741655","display_name":"Association for Artificial Intelligence 2026","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Association for Artificial Intelligence 2026","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109309570","display_name":"Ai Ti Aw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-0879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-0879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aw, AiTi","raw_affiliation_strings":["A*STAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A*STAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014190404","display_name":"Nancy F. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-5877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-5877"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Nancy F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science, Technology and Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125757917","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125710083","display_name":"Roy Ka-Wei Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Roy Ka-Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123103612","display_name":"Zhengyuan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhengyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singpoare"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singpoare","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018468635","display_name":"Xiyan Tao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao, Xiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115904207","display_name":"Tarun Kumar Vangani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1728-5527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1728-5527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vangani, Tarun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125708998","display_name":"Zheng Weihua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua, Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129889891","display_name":"Yuhao Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YUHAO, WU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126202404","display_name":"Bowei Zou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zou, Bowei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.10029999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resource-languages","display_name":"low-resource languages","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-lingual-consistency","display_name":"cross-lingual consistency","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48448/9f02-x945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053148","display_name":"Underline Science Inc.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48448/9f02-x945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48448/9f02-x945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407053148","display_name":"Underline Science Inc.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Audiovisual"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128695848","https://openalex.org/W4415971890","https://openalex.org/W7106860337","https://openalex.org/W4415328675","https://openalex.org/W4389520538","https://openalex.org/W7164896449","https://openalex.org/W4416034872","https://openalex.org/W6966851179","https://openalex.org/W4388716384","https://openalex.org/W7163221365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,131],"models":[2,16],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"impressive":[6],"multilingual":[7,40,71],"capabilities":[8],"through":[9],"pretraining":[10,41],"on":[11],"diverse":[12],"corpora.":[13],"While":[14],"these":[15],"show":[17],"strong":[18,126],"reasoning":[19,54,73,101,119,157],"abilities,":[20],"their":[21],"performance":[22,127,163],"varies":[23],"significantly":[24],"across":[25,56,110],"languages":[26,169],"due":[27],"to":[28,51],"imbalanced":[29],"training":[30],"data":[31],"distribution.":[32],"Existing":[33],"approaches":[34],"using":[35],"sample-level":[36],"translation":[37],"for":[38,98],"extensive":[39],"and":[42,48,92,121,141,167,173],"cross-lingual":[43,122],"tuning":[44],"face":[45],"scalability":[46],"challenges":[47],"often":[49],"fail":[50],"capture":[52],"nuanced":[53],"processes":[55,78],"languages.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"introduce":[62],"AdaMCoT":[63,87],"(Adaptive":[64],"Multilingual":[65],"Chain-of-Thought),":[66],"a":[67,89],"framework":[68],"that":[69,155],"enhances":[70],"factual":[72,118],"by":[74],"dynamically":[75],"routing":[76],"thought":[77],"in":[79,116,129],"intermediary":[80],"\u201cthinking":[81],"languages\u201d":[82],"before":[83],"generating":[84],"target-language":[85],"responses.":[86],"leverages":[88],"language-agnostic":[90],"core":[91],"incorporates":[93],"an":[94],"adaptive,":[95],"reward-based":[96],"mechanism":[97,148],"selecting":[99],"optimal":[100],"pathways":[102],"without":[103],"requiring":[104],"additional":[105],"pretraining.":[106],"Our":[107],"comprehensive":[108],"evaluation":[109],"multiple":[111],"benchmarks":[112],"demonstrates":[113],"substantial":[114],"improvements":[115],"both":[117],"quality":[120],"consistency,":[123],"with":[124],"particularly":[125],"gains":[128],"low-resource":[130,168],"settings.":[132],"An":[133],"in-depth":[134],"analysis":[135],"of":[136,149],"the":[137,146,162],"model\u2019s":[138],"hidden":[139],"states":[140],"semantic":[142],"space":[143],"further":[144],"elucidates":[145],"underlying":[147],"our":[150],"method.":[151],"The":[152],"results":[153],"suggest":[154],"adaptive":[156],"paths":[158],"can":[159],"effectively":[160],"bridge":[161],"gap":[164],"between":[165],"high-":[166],"while":[170],"maintaining":[171],"cultural":[172],"linguistic":[174],"nuances.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}
