{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128700489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","title":"A Study on the Relationships Between Self-Leadership, Neijuan Anxiety, Career Confidence and Teacher Well-Being Among Novice Teachers in Chinese Vocational Colleges","display_name":"A Study on the Relationships Between Self-Leadership, Neijuan Anxiety, Career Confidence and Teacher Well-Being Among Novice Teachers in Chinese Vocational Colleges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128700489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","pdf_url":"https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/download/4285/2689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202145","display_name":"Environment and Social Psychology","issn_l":"2424-7979","issn":["2424-7979","2424-8975"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/download/4285/2689","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119551494","display_name":"Jian-Hong Ye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Hong Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Vocational Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Vocational Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076157919","display_name":"Yuting Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-4486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-4486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142415962","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03aefdx31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Educational Administration, Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing 100120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Educational Administration, Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing 100120, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142415962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000325254","display_name":"Weiguaju Nong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-7043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-7043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405280806","display_name":"Guangxi University of Foreign Languages","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9btz35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405280806"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiguaju Nong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Guangxi University of Foreign Languages, Nanning 530222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Guangxi University of Foreign Languages, Nanning 530222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405280806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042488428","display_name":"Yongjian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1684-4609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1684-4609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336007","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-1992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-1992"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282083","display_name":"Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a8bts04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405282083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education and Music, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Music, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125739511","display_name":"Kun Zha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Chongqing College, Science & Technology, 37023 Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Chongqing College, Science & Technology, 37023 Chongqing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039530669","display_name":"Xiantong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiantong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88144893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.3711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.3711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12869","display_name":"Occupational Health and Burnout","score":0.2483000010251999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.14730000495910645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-leadership","display_name":"self-leadership","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-confidence","display_name":"career confidence","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-well-being","display_name":"teacher well-being","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novice-teachers","display_name":"novice teachers","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-college-teachers","display_name":"vocational college teachers","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation-theory","display_name":"self-regulation theory","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.652999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8044000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.6935999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777247013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038939","display_name":"Career development","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780755674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327988","display_name":"Occupational burnout","level":4,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815298","display_name":"Occupational stress","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48444904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116378","display_name":"Self-confidence","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94931360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607728","display_name":"Irrational number","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65499552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421061","display_name":"Experience sampling method","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110131835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153659","display_name":"Self-efficacy","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","pdf_url":"https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/download/4285/2689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202145","display_name":"Environment and Social Psychology","issn_l":"2424-7979","issn":["2424-7979","2424-8975"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v11i2.4285","pdf_url":"https://esp.as-pub.com/index.php/esp/article/download/4285/2689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202145","display_name":"Environment and Social Psychology","issn_l":"2424-7979","issn":["2424-7979","2424-8975"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Social Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G313496376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YLXKPY-XSDW202408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321432","funder_display_name":"Beijing Normal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321432","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128700489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128700489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976048571","https://openalex.org/W2013764929","https://openalex.org/W2037969049","https://openalex.org/W2038396994","https://openalex.org/W2059152837","https://openalex.org/W2092826045","https://openalex.org/W2094633591","https://openalex.org/W2125068113","https://openalex.org/W2127259621","https://openalex.org/W2135322742","https://openalex.org/W2299433740","https://openalex.org/W2335961044","https://openalex.org/W2342647863","https://openalex.org/W2380994088","https://openalex.org/W2552591552","https://openalex.org/W2558504450","https://openalex.org/W2588175409","https://openalex.org/W2799750819","https://openalex.org/W2911060758","https://openalex.org/W2979992871","https://openalex.org/W3048686820","https://openalex.org/W3082353819","https://openalex.org/W3085491922","https://openalex.org/W3135865856","https://openalex.org/W3155516288","https://openalex.org/W3177466199","https://openalex.org/W3181742954","https://openalex.org/W3193666050","https://openalex.org/W3211992861","https://openalex.org/W4226368439","https://openalex.org/W4281697122","https://openalex.org/W4292879171","https://openalex.org/W4293181846","https://openalex.org/W4293778242","https://openalex.org/W4295009316","https://openalex.org/W4295866260","https://openalex.org/W4306879820","https://openalex.org/W4308195825","https://openalex.org/W4317627205","https://openalex.org/W4377108098","https://openalex.org/W4387409557","https://openalex.org/W4388925855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194681075","https://openalex.org/W4404442393","https://openalex.org/W7132400188","https://openalex.org/W7119030193","https://openalex.org/W4415689015","https://openalex.org/W3158941914","https://openalex.org/W3193420620","https://openalex.org/W7147599329","https://openalex.org/W4407712069","https://openalex.org/W4390465974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neijuan":[0,179],"(\u5185\u5377;":[1],"involution)":[2],"anxiety":[3,168,180,220],"is":[4,19,34,54,221],"a":[5,69,153,205],"state":[6],"or":[7],"phenomenon":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10],"defensive":[11],"competition,":[12,52],"chronic":[13],"burnout":[14],"and":[15,29,62,100,112,135,148,151,175,187,190],"internalization":[16],"failure.":[17],"It":[18,33,215],"considered":[20],"detrimental":[21,222],"to":[22,90,223,234,238],"the":[23,27,59,79,92,146,210,224],"psychological":[24],"well-being":[25,174,186,225],"of":[26,48,65,121,213,226],"individual":[28],"those":[30],"around":[31],"them.":[32],"especially":[35],"prevalent":[36],"in":[37,44,242],"China":[38],"where":[39],"many":[40],"teachers":[41,231],"find":[42],"themselves":[43],"an":[45,86,116],"neijuan":[46,96,167,219],"environment":[47],"extreme":[49],"excessive":[50],"irrational":[51],"which":[53],"not":[55],"necessarily":[56],"good":[57],"for":[58],"work":[60],"development":[61],"occupational":[63],"health":[64],"novice":[66],"teachers.":[67,139],"As":[68],"result,":[70],"relative":[71],"issues":[72],"have":[73],"received":[74],"much":[75],"attention.":[76],"Based":[77],"on":[78],"self-regulation":[80,88],"theory":[81],"(SRT),":[82],"this":[83,105,107],"study":[84,108,159,199],"adopted":[85,109],"anxiety-based":[87],"model":[89,155],"explore":[91],"relationships":[93],"among":[94],"self-leadership,":[95],"anxiety,":[97],"career":[98,176,188],"confidence":[99,193],"teacher":[101],"well-being.":[102,197],"To":[103],"achieve":[104],"goal,":[106],"convenience":[110],"sampling":[111],"collected":[113,126],"questionnaires":[114],"via":[115],"online":[117],"platform.":[118],"A":[119],"total":[120],"536":[122],"valid":[123],"data":[124,141],"were":[125,142],"(effectiveness":[127],"rate":[128],"89.3%),":[129],"including":[130],"from":[131],"204":[132],"male":[133],"(38.1%)":[134],"332":[136],"female":[137],"(61.9%)":[138],"The":[140,158],"then":[143],"processed":[144],"using":[145],"SPSS":[147],"AMOS":[149],"software,":[150],"finally":[152],"research":[154],"was":[156],"constructed.":[157],"results":[160],"showed":[161],"that:":[162],"1.":[163],"Self-leadership":[164],"negatively":[165,182],"predicts":[166,183,195],"while":[169],"positively":[170,194],"predicting":[171],"both":[172,184],"teachers'":[173,185,196],"confidence;":[177,189],"2.":[178],"significantly":[181],"3.":[191],"Career":[192],"This":[198],"innovatively":[200],"conceptualizes":[201],"\u201cneijuan":[202],"anxiety\u201d":[203],"as":[204],"maladaptive":[206],"strategy,":[207],"thereby":[208],"enriching":[209],"conceptual":[211],"framework":[212],"SRT.":[214],"also":[216],"confirms":[217],"that":[218,230],"early-career":[227],"teachers,":[228],"suggesting":[229],"be":[232],"helped":[233],"develop":[235],"self-leadership":[236],"styles":[237],"cope":[239],"with":[240],"challenges":[241],"their":[243],"teaching":[244],"careers.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}