{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128524878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","title":"Alterations in the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, and 7 in Patients with COVID-19: The Role of Disease Severity and Gender","display_name":"Alterations in the Expression of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 3, 4, and 7 in Patients with COVID-19: The Role of Disease Severity and Gender","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128524878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41664376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50220609","display_name":"Current Molecular Medicine","issn_l":"1566-5240","issn":["1566-5240","1875-5666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Molecular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005152511","display_name":"Zohreh\u2010al\u2010sadat Ghoreshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-3000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0556-3000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zohreh-al-sadat Ghoreshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010739664","display_name":"Mohsen Sharif-zak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-9702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-9702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270669","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Sharif-zak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute forGastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute forGastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I48379061","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011782531","display_name":"Gholamreza Asadikaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-0756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-0756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gholamreza Asadikaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036977326","display_name":"Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-8418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-8418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Abbasi-jorjandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical PhysiologySciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical PhysiologySciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054898075","display_name":"Alireza afsharipur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280764379","display_name":"University of Jiroft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mz6ad23","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281540","display_name":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy83161","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Afsharipur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research Development Center ofImam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research Development Center ofImam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379","https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088266682","display_name":"Fatemeh Seyedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-1136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-1136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280764379","display_name":"University of Jiroft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mz6ad23","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281540","display_name":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy83161","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh Seyedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, JiroftUniversity of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, JiroftUniversity of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379","https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125495951","display_name":"Hamidreza Reshidinejad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Reshidinejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, KermanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, KermanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125498053","display_name":"Mohammad Kazemiarababadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86959772","display_name":"Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01v8x0f60","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86959772"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kazemiarababadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RafsanjanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RafsanjanUniversity of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86959772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043724410","display_name":"Fardin Khajepour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-2876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-2876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280764379","display_name":"University of Jiroft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mz6ad23","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281540","display_name":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy83161","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fardin Khajepour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio Environmental Health Hazard Research Center, JiroftUniversity of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio Environmental Health Hazard Research Center, JiroftUniversity of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379","https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040714220","display_name":"Nasir Arefinia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-3538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-3538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280764379","display_name":"University of Jiroft","ror":"https://ror.org/00mz6ad23","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281540","display_name":"Jiroft University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gy83161","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Arefinia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioenviromental Health Hazards Jiroft University of MedicalSciences, Jiroft, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioenviromental Health Hazards Jiroft University of MedicalSciences, Jiroft, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280764379","https://openalex.org/I4405281540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016269185","display_name":"Moslem Abolhassani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-9553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-9553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I235686326","display_name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxbqc24","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moslem Abolhassani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences,Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences,Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011782531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I235686326"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08960354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.24650000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-like-receptors","display_name":"Toll-like receptors","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr3","display_name":"TLR3","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr7","display_name":"TLR7","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"gene expression","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-leukocytes","display_name":"peripheral blood leukocytes","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoparalysis","display_name":"immunoparalysis","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-exhaustion","display_name":"immune exhaustion","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-illness","display_name":"critical illness","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.8648999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779836521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914081","display_name":"TLR7","level":5,"score":0.6618000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.589900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993002077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Receptor expression","level":3,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10162356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135939","display_name":"Pathophysiology","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30036603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125150","display_name":"Severity of illness","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665240394369251208174759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50220609","display_name":"Current Molecular Medicine","issn_l":"1566-5240","issn":["1566-5240","1875-5666"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Molecular Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41664376","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41664376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current molecular medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5133779644966125,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,61,178],"expression":[2,26,63,97,109,184,204],"dynamics":[3],"of":[4,27,65,78,127,146,216,222],"Toll-like":[5],"receptors":[6],"(TLRs)":[7],"in":[8,32,68,85,88,104,112,129,137,152,187,191],"response":[9],"to":[10,22,165,218],"SARS-CoV-2,":[11],"particularly":[12],"regarding":[13],"disease":[14,39,200],"severity,":[15],"remain":[16],"poorly":[17],"understood.":[18],"This":[19,44,124,157],"study":[20,46],"aimed":[21],"investigate":[23],"the":[24,89,113,118,134,219,223],"gene":[25],"TLR3,":[28,105],"TLR4,":[29,106],"and":[30,35,41,55,57,107,120],"TLR7":[31,108],"COVID-19":[33,49],"patients":[34,50,86,94,213],"correlate":[36],"them":[37],"with":[38,117,144,197],"severity":[40],"gender.":[42],"Methods:":[43],"case-control":[45],"enrolled":[47],"470":[48],"(categorized":[51],"as":[52],"moderate,":[53],"severe,":[54],"critical)":[56],"100":[58],"healthy":[59],"controls.":[60],"mRNA":[62],"levels":[64,205],"these":[66],"genes":[67],"peripheral":[69],"blood":[70],"leukocytes":[71],"were":[72],"quantified":[73],"using":[74],"RT-qPCR.":[75],"Results:":[76],"Expression":[77],"all":[79],"three":[80],"TLRs":[81,128],"was":[82,110],"significantly":[83],"higher":[84,96],"than":[87,98],"control":[90],"group.":[91],"Overall,":[92],"male":[93],"exhibited":[95],"females.":[99],"Notably,":[100],"a":[101,139,161],"significant":[102],"decrease":[103],"observed":[111,151],"critical":[114,130,192,220],"group":[115],"compared":[116],"moderate":[119],"severe":[121,154],"groups.":[122],"Discussion:":[123],"paradoxical":[125],"downregulation":[126,190],"patients,":[131],"reported":[132],"for":[133,211],"first":[135],"time":[136],"such":[138],"large":[140],"cohort":[141],"(N=470),":[142],"aligns":[143],"reports":[145],"'immunoparalysis'":[147],"or":[148],"'immune":[149],"exhaustion'":[150],"other":[153],"inflammatory":[155],"conditions.":[156],"phenomenon":[158],"might":[159],"represent":[160],"negative":[162],"feedback":[163],"mechanism":[164],"prevent":[166],"overwhelming":[167],"systemic":[168],"inflammation,":[169],"although":[170],"it":[171],"may":[172,194],"concurrently":[173],"compromise":[174],"pathogen":[175],"clearance.":[176],"Conclusion:":[177],"findings":[179],"suggest":[180],"that":[181],"while":[182],"TLR":[183,203],"is":[185],"upregulated":[186],"COVID-19,":[188],"its":[189],"stages":[193],"be":[195,207],"associated":[196],"an":[198],"unfavorable":[199],"outcome.":[201],"Therefore,":[202],"could":[206],"considered":[208],"potential":[209],"biomarkers":[210],"identifying":[212],"at":[214],"risk":[215],"progressing":[217],"phase":[221],"disease.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}