{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128501384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","title":"Statistical analysis of lightning activity in recurrent lightning locations in northeastern Colombia","display_name":"Statistical analysis of lightning activity in recurrent lightning locations in northeastern Colombia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128501384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207559368","display_name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","issn_l":"1364-6826","issn":["1364-6826","1879-1824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003835990","display_name":"Brandon Steven Ardila Murillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-7245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-7245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115684694","display_name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc1d948","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ardila","raw_affiliation_strings":["GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125594286","display_name":"E. Soto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115684694","display_name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc1d948","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125541927","display_name":"K. R\u00edos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115684694","display_name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc1d948","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. R\u00edos","raw_affiliation_strings":["GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Romero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115684694","display_name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc1d948","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GISEL, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125594286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115684694"],"apc_list":{"value":2770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2770},"apc_paid":{"value":2770,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2770},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"280","issue":null,"first_page":"106745","last_page":"106745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-activity","display_name":"lightning activity","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-recurrence","display_name":"temporal recurrence","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-flash-density","display_name":"ground flash density","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-risk-assessment","display_name":"lightning risk assessment","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning-protection","display_name":"lightning protection","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magdalena-river","display_name":"Magdalena River","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northeastern-colombia","display_name":"northeastern Colombia","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barrancabermeja","display_name":"Barrancabermeja","score":0.9700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.7128000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.598800003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24770000576972961}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207559368","display_name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","issn_l":"1364-6826","issn":["1364-6826","1879-1824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207559368","display_name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","issn_l":"1364-6826","issn":["1364-6826","1879-1824"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480800935","https://openalex.org/W1966576859","https://openalex.org/W1972204950","https://openalex.org/W1999907138","https://openalex.org/W2000160374","https://openalex.org/W2031675844","https://openalex.org/W2039848571","https://openalex.org/W2055455840","https://openalex.org/W2063975893","https://openalex.org/W2081108495","https://openalex.org/W2082707863","https://openalex.org/W2082822241","https://openalex.org/W2094785406","https://openalex.org/W2109839958","https://openalex.org/W2125586305","https://openalex.org/W2136010592","https://openalex.org/W2136370599","https://openalex.org/W2140179290","https://openalex.org/W2174062000","https://openalex.org/W2176719471","https://openalex.org/W2277283642","https://openalex.org/W2460319032","https://openalex.org/W2513717815","https://openalex.org/W2766574398","https://openalex.org/W2768529894","https://openalex.org/W2780960967","https://openalex.org/W2990126554","https://openalex.org/W3154146685","https://openalex.org/W3154693182","https://openalex.org/W4205134388","https://openalex.org/W4205908626","https://openalex.org/W4293051347","https://openalex.org/W4298295248","https://openalex.org/W4400189998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780960967","https://openalex.org/W7034318035","https://openalex.org/W4392364282","https://openalex.org/W6996120994","https://openalex.org/W4226177117","https://openalex.org/W4400961751","https://openalex.org/W7221809775","https://openalex.org/W7171612917","https://openalex.org/W7162073741","https://openalex.org/W4405370337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,117],"presents":[2],"a":[3,46,119,158,180,191],"temporal-based":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,134,161,183],"identifying":[7,184],"Recurrent":[8],"Lightning":[9],"Locations":[10],"(RLLs)":[11],"in":[12,19,43,54,138,152,166,176],"the":[13,37,143,194],"municipalities":[14],"of":[15,59,84,145,171,196],"Barrancabermeja":[16],"and":[17,62,113,149,156],"Yond\u00f3,":[18],"northeastern":[20],"Colombia,":[21],"using":[22],"lightning":[23,41,97,135,153,163,188,198],"data":[24],"from":[25],"2014":[26],"to":[27],"2021.":[28],"Results":[29,141],"reveal":[30],"that":[31,67,96],"RLLs":[32,85],"are":[33,70,86],"predominantly":[34],"situated":[35],"near":[36],"Magdalena":[38],"River.":[39],"Temporally,":[40],"activity":[42],"RLSs":[44],"shows":[45],"bimodal":[47],"seasonal":[48],"distribution":[49],"with":[50,73,103,186,190],"early":[51],"morning":[52],"peaks":[53],"stroke":[55,104],"occurrence.":[56],"The":[57,116,169],"analysis":[58],"flash":[60],"multiplicity":[61],"peak":[63],"current":[64,75],"distributions":[65],"indicates":[66],"most":[68],"events":[69],"single-stroke":[71],"flashes":[72],"right-skewed":[74],"profiles,":[76],"occasionally":[77],"exceeding":[78],"75":[79],"kA.":[80],"Notably,":[81],"over":[82],"42%":[83],"located":[87],"outside":[88],"high":[89],"Ground":[90],"Flash":[91],"Density":[92],"(GFD)":[93],"zones,":[94],"highlighting":[95],"recurrence":[98,126],"is":[99,107],"not":[100],"necessarily":[101],"correlated":[102],"density":[105],"but":[106],"likely":[108],"influenced":[109],"by":[110],"localized":[111],"geographic":[112],"atmospheric":[114],"factors.":[115],"proposes":[118],"novel":[120],"methodological":[121],"framework":[122,160],"centered":[123],"on":[124,193],"temporal":[125,150,172],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"spatial":[129,148],"density,":[130],"offering":[131],"practical":[132,159],"implications":[133],"risk":[136,154],"assessment":[137,155],"infrastructure-critical":[139],"regions.":[140,168],"highlight":[142],"importance":[144],"considering":[146],"both":[147],"dimensions":[151],"offer":[157],"improving":[162],"protection":[164,199],"strategies":[165],"vulnerable":[167],"application":[170],"methodologies,":[173],"as":[174],"implemented":[175],"this":[177],"study,":[178],"constitutes":[179],"distinctive":[181],"criterion":[182],"sites":[185],"recurrent":[187],"activity,":[189],"focus":[192],"design":[195],"optimal":[197],"systems.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}