{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128442425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","title":"An innovative power converter based technique for on-site photovoltaic I-V characterization under natural irradiance","display_name":"An innovative power converter based technique for on-site photovoltaic I-V characterization under natural irradiance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128442425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41663719","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12953775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-39626-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-39626-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025663966","display_name":"Mohammed Rhiat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-2887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-2887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108110","display_name":"Mohamed I University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ejxf797","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Rhiat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032053016","display_name":"Firyal Latrache","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108110","display_name":"Mohamed I University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ejxf797","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firyal Latrache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanics, Energetics, Systems and Signals Team, Laboratory of Modeling and Scientific Calculus, National School of Applied Sciences, University Mohammed I, BP 696, Oujda, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanics, Energetics, Systems and Signals Team, Laboratory of Modeling and Scientific Calculus, National School of Applied Sciences, University Mohammed I, BP 696, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086881012","display_name":"Mustapha Melhaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-8584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7926-8584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Melhaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences & Technics - LSEET Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences & Technics - LSEET Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066801233","display_name":"Ilias Atmane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108110","display_name":"Mohamed I University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ejxf797","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Atmane","raw_affiliation_strings":["EHEI School, Oujda, Morocco","Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EHEI School, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057351903","display_name":"Imane Ihsane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7187-4326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7187-4326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155362","display_name":"Centre d'Etudes Superieures Industrielles","ror":"https://ror.org/04f87d812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155362"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imane Ihsane","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESI LINEACT, Campus Saint-Nazaire, Saint-Nazaire, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESI LINEACT, Campus Saint-Nazaire, Saint-Nazaire, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073426456","display_name":"Mostafa El Ouariachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-2161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-2161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108110","display_name":"Mohamed I University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ejxf797","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa El Ouariachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007338793","display_name":"Kamal Hirech","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-7791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-7791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108110","display_name":"Mohamed I University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ejxf797","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Hirech","raw_affiliation_strings":["EHEI School, Oujda, Morocco","Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EHEI School, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LGEM Laboratory, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076903112","display_name":"Mourad Yessef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6344-7174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6344-7174"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Yessef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher School of Technology of Nador, Mohammed First University, Nador, 62000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher School of Technology of Nador, Mohammed First University, Nador, 62000, Morocco","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024783041","display_name":"Z. M. S. Elbarbary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-9244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-9244"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. M.S. El-Barbary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","Electrical Department, College of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Department, College of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026431361","display_name":"Saad H. Alqahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-0888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-0888","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-360X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad A. Alqahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066405683","display_name":"Badre Bossoufi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-7804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-7804","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6506-8464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Badre Bossoufi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIMAS Laboratory, Fcaulty of Sciences Dhar Elmahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, Morocco. badre.bossoufi@usmba.ac.ma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMAS Laboratory, Fcaulty of Sciences Dhar Elmahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, 30000, Morocco. badre.bossoufi@usmba.ac.ma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066405683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.8171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64786568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-converters","display_name":"power converters","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-boost-converter","display_name":"synchronous boost converter","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-diode-model","display_name":"single-diode model","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenberg-marquardt-algorithm","display_name":"Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-least-squares-fitting","display_name":"nonlinear least squares fitting","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-performance-monitoring","display_name":"PV performance monitoring","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7950999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.7462000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5712000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9695528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707","display_name":"Solar irradiance","level":2,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184389593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603159","display_name":"Curve fitting","level":2,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.384799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760134","display_name":"Boost converter","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53954817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556716","display_name":"Solar micro-inverter","level":5,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178911571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593143","display_name":"Power electronics","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-39626-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12953775","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12953775/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12953775/pdf/41598_2026_Article_39626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41663719","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41663719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05543375v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05543375","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05543375v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, 2026, 16, ⟨10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a511b40fe94d4cf4a56a20ab22055318","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a511b40fe94d4cf4a56a20ab22055318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 16, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39626-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-39626-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128442425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128442425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1445887281","https://openalex.org/W2025343135","https://openalex.org/W2078402176","https://openalex.org/W2214090926","https://openalex.org/W2403824339","https://openalex.org/W2785813107","https://openalex.org/W3012192841","https://openalex.org/W3019963868","https://openalex.org/W3045577659","https://openalex.org/W3100075243","https://openalex.org/W3105811346","https://openalex.org/W3142196569","https://openalex.org/W3168096177","https://openalex.org/W3201841691","https://openalex.org/W3211163346","https://openalex.org/W4205320466","https://openalex.org/W4210790039","https://openalex.org/W4291238014","https://openalex.org/W4375830907","https://openalex.org/W4387582344","https://openalex.org/W4390016887","https://openalex.org/W4390981427","https://openalex.org/W4399257998","https://openalex.org/W4399878146","https://openalex.org/W4399972732","https://openalex.org/W4400448074","https://openalex.org/W4404326810","https://openalex.org/W4405936454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3092670004","https://openalex.org/W3007925842","https://openalex.org/W3118860125","https://openalex.org/W7222622136","https://openalex.org/W3004441777","https://openalex.org/W3045566371","https://openalex.org/W4391924543","https://openalex.org/W1637775299","https://openalex.org/W4382459561","https://openalex.org/W2090787237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,24,35,49,56,108,189,219],"standalone":[4],"PV":[5,98,111,170,248],"curve":[6,200],"tracer":[7],"designed":[8],"to":[9,34,101,162,226],"extract":[10],"current-voltage":[11],"(I-V)":[12],"and":[13,75,83,94,133,181,243,253],"power-voltage":[14],"(P-V)":[15],"characteristics,":[16],"as":[17,19,55],"well":[18],"the":[20,61,65,69,86,89,140,155,159,164,169,179,215,227,234,237],"five":[21,165],"parameters":[22,167],"of":[23,48,64,92,168,193,222,236],"Multiple-Diode":[25],"Model":[26],"(MDM)":[27],"with":[28,73,79,172,188],"identical":[29],"diodes,":[30],"effectively":[31],"reducing":[32],"it":[33],"single-diode":[36],"model":[37],"for":[38,97],"parameter":[39,241],"extraction,":[40],"under":[41,143],"real":[42],"sunlight":[43],"conditions.":[44,146],"The":[45,197],"system":[46,87],"consists":[47],"custom-built":[50],"synchronous":[51],"boost":[52],"converter":[53],"operating":[54,145],"programmable":[57],"electronic":[58],"load,":[59],"where":[60],"duty":[62],"cycle":[63],"PWM":[66],"signal":[67],"regulates":[68],"equivalent":[70],"resistance.":[71],"Integrated":[72],"voltage":[74],"current":[76,191],"sensors,":[77,85],"along":[78],"external":[80],"solar":[81],"irradiance":[82],"temperature":[84],"enables":[88],"automatic":[90],"extraction":[91,242],"I-V":[93,183],"P-V":[95,199],"curves":[96,161,184],"panels":[99],"up":[100],"300":[102],"W.":[103,230],"Experiments":[104],"were":[105],"conducted":[106],"on":[107,154],"12-cell":[109],"ET-M53630WW":[110],"panel":[112,171],"(V":[113],"OC":[114],"=":[115,120,125,130,136,206,210],"21.52":[116],"V,":[117,127],"I":[118,128],"SC":[119],"1.8":[121],"A,":[122],"V":[123],"MP":[124,129,135],"17.72":[126],"1.69":[131],"A":[132,147],"P":[134],"30":[137,229],"W),":[138],"demonstrating":[139],"system\u2019s":[141],"performance":[142,249],"realistic":[144],"nonlinear":[148],"least":[149],"squares":[150],"fitting":[151],"algorithm":[152],"based":[153],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[156],"method":[157],"processes":[158],"extracted":[160],"determine":[163],"key":[166],"high":[173],"precision.":[174],"Experimental":[175],"validation":[176],"demonstrated":[177],"that":[178],"estimated":[180],"measured":[182],"are":[185],"nearly":[186],"identical,":[187],"worst-case":[190],"deviation":[192],"only":[194],"41.5":[195],"mA.":[196],"reconstructed":[198],"at":[201],"standard":[202],"test":[203],"conditions":[204],"(G":[205],"1000":[207],"W/m\u00b2,":[208],"T":[209],"298.15":[211],"K)":[212],"closely":[213],"matched":[214],"manufacturer\u2019s":[216],"datasheet,":[217],"yielding":[218],"maximum":[220],"power":[221],"27":[223],"W":[224],"compared":[225],"rated":[228],"These":[231],"results":[232],"highlight":[233],"accuracy":[235],"proposed":[238],"methodology":[239],"in":[240,247],"its":[244],"potential":[245],"application":[246],"monitoring,":[250],"degradation":[251],"analysis,":[252],"educational":[254],"use.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}