{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128375825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","title":"From Cosmetic Abuse to Clinical Mismanagement: A National Simulated Patient Study Assessing Community Pharmacists\u2019 Stewardship of Topical Corticosteroids in Jordan","display_name":"From Cosmetic Abuse to Clinical Mismanagement: A National Simulated Patient Study Assessing Community Pharmacists\u2019 Stewardship of Topical Corticosteroids in Jordan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128375825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41718232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmacy14010031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/14/1/31/pdf?version=1770626373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228566","display_name":"Pharmacy","issn_l":"2226-4787","issn":["2226-4787"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/14/1/31/pdf?version=1770626373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121087179","display_name":"Derar H. Abdel-Qader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-4464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-4464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36622005","display_name":"Petra University","ror":"https://ror.org/039d9es10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Derar H. Abdel-Qader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-4464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032769285","display_name":"Abdullah Albassam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-7328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-7328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","display_name":"Kuwait University","ror":"https://ror.org/021e5j056","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Albassam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055463650","display_name":"Esra' O. Taybeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-7865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-7865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92449659","display_name":"Isra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4bt482","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92449659"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esra\u2019 Taybeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11196, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-7865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11196, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92449659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000225779","display_name":"Nadia Al Mazrouei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-9730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-9730"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Al Mazrouei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442660","display_name":"Rana M. Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9104-3852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9104-3852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9104-3852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063182462","display_name":"Reham Aljalamdeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7018-4779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7018-4779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153921779","display_name":"Philadelphia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mqvn149","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153921779"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reham Aljalamdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153921779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112604689","display_name":"Salim Hamadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-7900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-7900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36622005","display_name":"Petra University","ror":"https://ror.org/039d9es10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salim Hamadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-7900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114158312","display_name":"Alia Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5772-2714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5772-2714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36622005","display_name":"Petra University","ror":"https://ror.org/039d9es10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alia Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116672633","display_name":"Sahar Jaradat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3769-4088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3769-4088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36622005","display_name":"Petra University","ror":"https://ror.org/039d9es10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Jaradat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116672634","display_name":"Shorouq Al-Omoush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1154-1509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1154-1509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36622005","display_name":"Petra University","ror":"https://ror.org/039d9es10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shorouq Al-Omoush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121087179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36622005"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07341338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13970","display_name":"Pharmacy and Medical Practices","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12547","display_name":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-corticosteroids","display_name":"topical corticosteroids","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-pharmacists","display_name":"community pharmacists","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acne-vulgaris","display_name":"acne","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungal-skin-infection","display_name":"fungal skin infection","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diaper-dermatitis","display_name":"diaper dermatitis","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-dermatology","display_name":"pediatric dermatology","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy-chains","display_name":"pharmacy chains","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacist-workload","display_name":"pharmacist workload","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777950569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021836","display_name":"Stewardship (theology)","level":3,"score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928","display_name":"Acne","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994493120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13107184","display_name":"Community pharmacy","level":3,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779457091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105186","display_name":"Pharmacist","level":3,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10446079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155491","display_name":"Clinical pharmacy","level":3,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3604424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy practice","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmacy14010031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/14/1/31/pdf?version=1770626373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228566","display_name":"Pharmacy","issn_l":"2226-4787","issn":["2226-4787"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41718232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41718232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3af1c8b5a38c42a0bb9dc28ca1ad329c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3af1c8b5a38c42a0bb9dc28ca1ad329c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy, Vol 14, Iss 1, p 31 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12921794","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12921794/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pharmacy14010031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14010031","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/14/1/31/pdf?version=1770626373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228566","display_name":"Pharmacy","issn_l":"2226-4787","issn":["2226-4787"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128375825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128375825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Topical":[1],"Corticosteroids":[2],"(TCS)":[3],"are":[4,314],"potent":[5,171],"therapeutic":[6],"agents":[7],"associated":[8],"with":[9],"severe":[10],"local":[11],"and":[12,28,101,176,240,292,316],"systemic":[13],"adverse":[14],"effects":[15],"if":[16],"misused.":[17],"In":[18,186,206],"Jordan,":[19],"the":[20,29,113,120,148,160,187,192,200,207,215,303],"unauthorized":[21,182],"supply":[22],"of":[23,31,53,58,122,140,168,222],"TCS":[24,54,224,256,277],"for":[25,173,282,305],"cosmetic":[26,95,290],"purposes":[27],"mismanagement":[30],"dermatological":[32],"conditions":[33],"remain":[34],"significant":[35,264],"public":[36],"health":[37],"concerns.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40,65,300],"utilized":[41],"a":[42,56,138,219,263],"repeated-measures":[43],"simulated":[44],"patient":[45,201],"(SP)":[46],"methodology":[47],"to":[48,86,115,143,180,202,212,218,253,266,309,319],"evaluate":[49],"community":[50,72],"pharmacists\u2019":[51],"stewardship":[52],"across":[55,68],"spectrum":[57],"clinical":[59,89,131],"risks.":[60],"Methods:":[61],"A":[62],"national":[63],"cross-sectional":[64],"was":[66,108,262],"conducted":[67],"380":[69],"randomly":[70],"selected":[71],"pharmacies":[73,234],"in":[74,147,159,232,273],"Jordan.":[75],"Each":[76],"pharmacy":[77],"received":[78],"four":[79,87],"covert":[80],"visits":[81],"(N":[82],"=":[83],"1520)":[84],"corresponding":[85],"distinct":[88],"scenarios":[90],"representing":[91],"different":[92],"risk":[93],"levels:":[94],"whitening,":[96,175],"acne":[97,188],"management,":[98],"fungal":[99,208],"infection,":[100],"pediatric":[102,283],"diaper":[103],"rash.":[104],"The":[105,299],"primary":[106],"outcome":[107],"appropriate":[109,152,164,255],"Practice,":[110],"defined":[111],"as":[112],"refusal":[114],"dispense":[116],"unsafe":[117],"medication":[118],"or":[119],"provision":[121],"evidence-based":[123,204],"alternatives.":[124],"Results:":[125],"Stewardship":[126],"behavior":[127],"varied":[128],"significantly":[129,250],"by":[130],"context":[132],"(p":[133],"<":[134],"0.001).":[135],"Pharmacists":[136],"demonstrated":[137],"hierarchy":[139],"safety,":[141,284],"adhering":[142],"guidelines":[144],"most":[145],"strictly":[146],"Pediatric":[149],"scenario":[150,162],"(82.1%":[151],"refusal)":[153],"but":[154,285],"frequently":[155],"abandoning":[156],"safety":[157,267],"standards":[158],"Cosmetic":[161],"(30.0%":[163],"refusal).":[165],"Notably,":[166],"70.0%":[167],"pharmacists":[169,230,272],"dispensed":[170,191],"steroids":[172],"facial":[174],"26.1%":[177],"voluntarily":[178],"offered":[179],"compound":[181],"steroid":[183],"mixtures":[184],"(Khaltat).":[185],"scenario,":[189,209],"52.1%":[190],"contraindicated":[193],"TCS,":[194],"while":[195],"only":[196],"37.9%":[197],"appropriately":[198],"switched":[199],"an":[203],"alternative.":[205],"60.0%":[210],"failed":[211],"visually":[213],"inspect":[214],"lesion,":[216],"leading":[217],"40.0%":[220],"rate":[221],"inappropriate":[223],"dispensing.":[225],"Multivariable":[226],"regression":[227],"indicated":[228],"that":[229,295],"working":[231],"chain":[233],"(aOR:":[235,268],"2.15,":[236],"95%":[237],"CI:":[238],"1.68\u20132.75)":[239],"those":[241],"holding":[242],"advanced":[243],"degrees":[244],"(PharmD/MSc)":[245],"(aOR":[246],">":[247],"1.38)":[248],"were":[249],"more":[251],"likely":[252],"practice":[254,288],"stewardship.":[257],"High":[258],"workload":[259],"(>200":[260],"prescriptions/day)":[261],"barrier":[265],"0.55).":[269],"Conclusions:":[270],"Community":[271],"Jordan":[274],"exhibited":[275],"selective":[276],"stewardship,":[278],"demonstrating":[279],"high":[280],"vigilance":[281],"widespread":[286],"illegal":[287],"regarding":[289],"misuse":[291],"differential":[293],"diagnosis":[294],"may":[296],"be":[297],"unethical.":[298],"results":[301],"warrant":[302],"need":[304],"further":[306],"urgent":[307],"research":[308],"understand":[310],"why":[311],"these":[312],"practices":[313],"occurring":[315],"how":[317],"best":[318],"address":[320],"them.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}