{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128364683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","title":"The Cardiologist Driving Synthetic AI: The TIMA Method for Clinically Supervised Synthetic Data Generation","display_name":"The Cardiologist Driving Synthetic AI: The TIMA Method for Clinically Supervised Synthetic Data Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128364683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41753038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15041351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/4/1351/pdf?version=1770623042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/4/1351/pdf?version=1770623042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002710091","display_name":"Gianmarco Parise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-8714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9387-8714","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-7299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianmarco Parise","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085247495","display_name":"Roberto Ceravolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-9406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-9406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095959","display_name":"Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyc4352","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256482","display_name":"Presidio Ospedaliero Lamezia Terme","ror":"https://ror.org/04790ar32","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256482"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Ceravolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Lamezia Terme Hospital, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy","Epidemiology Area, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), 50121 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Lamezia Terme Hospital, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256482"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Area, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), 50121 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044850921","display_name":"Fabiana Luc\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-5382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-5382","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-5832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105999","display_name":"Ospedale Garibaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/01q6hrg49","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105999"]}],"countries":["IT","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabiana Luc\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","Department of Cardiology, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-5382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105999"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053905470","display_name":"Michele Massimo Gulizia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-7125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-7125"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105999","display_name":"Ospedale Garibaldi","ror":"https://ror.org/01q6hrg49","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105999"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Massimo Gulizia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105999"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066437317","display_name":"Cecilia Tetta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-5592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-5592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258984","display_name":"Laboratoire de Psychologie","ror":"https://ror.org/01gy4cq52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4405258984"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Tetta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, 40137 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, 40137 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049157340","display_name":"Orlando Parise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-4187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-4187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orlando Parise","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","Independent Researcher, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-4187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, 87100 Cosenza, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065053773","display_name":"Federico Nardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-2587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-2587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095959","display_name":"Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyc4352","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128183","display_name":"Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria","ror":"https://ror.org/039f5pg25","country_code":"IT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128183"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Nardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, S. Spirito Hospital, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy","Epidemiology Area, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), 50121 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-2587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, S. Spirito Hospital, 15033 Casale Monferrato, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Area, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), 50121 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006122223","display_name":"Massimo Grimaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-8884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-8884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095959","display_name":"Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyc4352","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095959"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Grimaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Acqua Viva Delle Fonti Hospital, 70021 Bari, Italy","Epidemiology Area, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), 50121 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-8884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Acqua Viva Delle Fonti Hospital, 70021 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology Area, Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO), 50121 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044866592","display_name":"Sandro Gelsomino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-989X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-989X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Gelsomino","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-989X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARIM, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044866592"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05053206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1351","last_page":"1351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data-generation","display_name":"synthetic data generation","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation-risk-prediction","display_name":"atrial fibrillation risk prediction","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infective-endocarditis","display_name":"infective endocarditis","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7595000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7246000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.6394000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191908910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838","display_name":"Synthetic biology","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227278","display_name":"Data-driven","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018822202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Patient data","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92446256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3306762","display_name":"Data validation","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15041351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/4/1351/pdf?version=1770623042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41753038","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41753038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/ae68f4a7-b237-49df-9226-1e9f55d7590f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/ae68f4a7-b237-49df-9226-1e9f55d7590f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parise, G, Ceravolo, R, Luca, F, Gulizia, M M, Tetta, C, Parise, O, Nardi, F, Grimaldi, M & Gelsomino, S 2026, 'The Cardiologist Driving Synthetic AI : The TIMA Method for Clinically Supervised Synthetic Data Generation', Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 15, no. 4, 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12942366","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12942366/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Clin Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm15041351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041351","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/4/1351/pdf?version=1770623042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128364683.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128364683.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Synthetic":[1],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3],"(AI)":[4],"is":[5,68,129,257],"increasingly":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,56,145,271],"cardiovascular":[9,273],"medicine":[10],"to":[11,52,69,75,148,192],"generate":[12],"realistic":[13],"clinical":[14,30,85,113,154,168,193,239],"data":[15,61,100,109,212,243,255],"from":[16],"limited":[17],"samples":[18],"while":[19],"preserving":[20],"patient":[21],"privacy.":[22],"Despite":[23],"its":[24,150],"promise,":[25],"concerns":[26],"remain":[27],"regarding":[28],"the":[29,45,71,84,98,120,179,183,242,251],"reliability":[31,270],"of":[32,59,65,89,124,178,185,204,210,253],"synthetic":[33,60,90,99,186,211,233,254],"datasets,":[34],"which":[35],"hampers":[36],"their":[37],"integration":[38],"into":[39,235],"routine":[40],"practice.":[41],"This":[42],"article":[43],"introduces":[44],"TIMA":[46,72,95,180,223],"method":[47],"(Team-Implementation":[48],"Multidisciplinary":[49],"Approach),":[50],"designed":[51],"involve":[53],"clinicians":[54,107],"directly":[55],"every":[57],"phase":[58,157],"development.":[62],"The":[63,94,127],"objective":[64],"this":[66],"work":[67],"describe":[70],"framework":[73,128,181],"and":[74,87,108,118,122,141,195,214,227,269],"illustrate":[76],"how":[77],"structured":[78],"clinician\u2013data":[79],"scientist":[80,199],"collaboration":[81,200],"can":[82],"enhance":[83],"robustness":[86],"plausibility":[88,123],"AI":[91,234],"outputs.":[92],"Methods:":[93],"approach":[96],"structures":[97],"generation":[101,244],"workflow":[102,249],"around":[103],"continuous":[104],"interaction":[105],"between":[106],"scientists.":[110],"Cardiologists":[111],"define":[112],"constraints,":[114],"verify":[115],"inter-variable":[116],"relationships,":[117],"assess":[119],"coherence":[121],"generated":[125],"records.":[126],"illustrated":[130],"through":[131],"multiple":[132],"cardiology":[133,236],"use":[134],"cases,":[135],"including":[136],"atrial":[137],"fibrillation":[138],"risk":[139],"prediction":[140],"surgical":[142],"mortality":[143],"estimation":[144],"infective":[146],"endocarditis,":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"adaptability":[151],"across":[152,218],"different":[153,219],"contexts.":[155],"Each":[156],"includes":[158],"iterative":[159],"validation":[160],"steps":[161],"aimed":[162],"at":[163],"ensuring":[164],"alignment":[165],"with":[166],"established":[167],"knowledge":[169],"rather":[170],"than":[171],"reporting":[172],"quantitative":[173],"performance":[174],"outcomes.":[175],"Results:":[176],"Application":[177],"supported":[182],"development":[184],"datasets":[187],"that":[188,256],"adhered":[189],"more":[190],"closely":[191],"logic":[194],"domain-specific":[196],"constraints.":[197],"Clinician\u2013data":[198],"enabled":[201],"early":[202],"detection":[203],"implausible":[205],"variable":[206],"interactions,":[207],"improved":[208],"interpretability":[209],"patterns,":[213],"enhanced":[215],"internal":[216],"consistency":[217],"cardiology-oriented":[220],"scenarios.":[221],"Conclusions:":[222],"represents":[224],"a":[225],"scalable":[226],"replicable":[228],"methodological":[229],"model":[230],"for":[231],"integrating":[232],"by":[237],"embedding":[238],"expertise":[240],"throughout":[241],"process.":[245],"Its":[246],"structured,":[247],"multidisciplinary":[248],"supports":[250],"production":[252],"not":[258],"only":[259],"statistically":[260],"coherent":[261],"but":[262],"also":[263],"clinically":[264],"meaningful,":[265],"thereby":[266],"strengthening":[267],"trust":[268],"AI-assisted":[272],"research.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}
