{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128360928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","title":"Fracturing Layer Optimization for Gas Hydrate Development Using EDFM Numerical Simulation Method","display_name":"Fracturing Layer Optimization for Gas Hydrate Development Using EDFM Numerical Simulation Method","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128360928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14040593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/4/593/pdf?version=1770624179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/4/593/pdf?version=1770624179","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125380375","display_name":"Qiang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4566-8964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4566-8964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Cooperation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China","State Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Cooperation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101755514","display_name":"Mingqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-1899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-1899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Cooperation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China","State Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Cooperation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051518456","display_name":"Weixin Pang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158108717","display_name":"China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/054dq0621","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixin Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Cooperation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China","State Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Cooperation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Offshore Natural Gas Hydrates, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125377334","display_name":"Wei Sun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101755514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158108717"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":1.965,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80017197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"593","last_page":"593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.5034000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.5034000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10635","display_name":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","score":0.4375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11801","display_name":"Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods","score":0.0215000007301569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-hydrates","display_name":"gas hydrates","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-fracturing","display_name":"hydraulic fracturing","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-discrete-fracture-model","display_name":"embedded discrete fracture model","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-wells","display_name":"horizontal wells","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulated-reservoir-volume","display_name":"stimulated reservoir volume","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depressurization","display_name":"depressurization","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-production-enhancement","display_name":"gas production enhancement","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-configuration","display_name":"fracture configuration","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.7458000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104308156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2389519","display_name":"Cabin pressurization","level":2,"score":0.7350999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.7282000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.6096000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779096232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890794","display_name":"Hydraulic fracturing","level":2,"score":0.5788000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781060337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462174","display_name":"Hydrate","level":2,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100402318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864080","display_name":"Clathrate hydrate","level":3,"score":0.498199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4912000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777447996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991263","display_name":"Tight gas","level":3,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778668878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6380338","display_name":"Reservoir simulation","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994384808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2826784","display_name":"Fracturing fluid","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33556824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179509","display_name":"Hydrogeology","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779379648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559665","display_name":"Multiphase flow","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183250156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5916050","display_name":"Reservoir engineering","level":3,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780952559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191671","display_name":"Comminution","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14040593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/4/593/pdf?version=1770624179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14040593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14040593","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/14/4/593/pdf?version=1770624179","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G572551287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC2800902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128360928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128360928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,34,91,99,103,125,129,140,144,154,165,176,207,215,219,228,240,244],"increasing":[2],"global":[3],"energy":[4],"demand,":[5],"natural":[6,25,46],"gas":[7,26,43,47,78,203],"hydrates":[8,179],"have":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,51,109,199],"focus":[12],"of":[13,53,157,167,178],"research":[14],"and":[15,56,69,105,170,185],"development.":[16],"The":[17,80,119],"South":[18],"China":[19],"Sea":[20],"deepwater":[21],"area":[22],"has":[23],"abundant":[24],"hydrate":[27,48,111],"resources,":[28],"but":[29],"its":[30],"low":[31],"permeability":[32],"limits":[33],"commercialization":[35],"process.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"explores":[39],"how":[40],"to":[41,72,97,114],"enhance":[42],"production":[44,132,146,204,237],"from":[45],"reservoirs":[49],"through":[50],"combination":[52,166],"fracturing":[54,81,172],"technology":[55],"depressurization":[57],"using":[58],"numerical":[59,112],"simulations.":[60],"Numerical":[61],"experiments":[62],"were":[63],"conducted":[64],"under":[65,210,227,243],"various":[66],"well":[67,87,159,183],"types":[68,184],"fracture":[70,94,100,117],"configurations":[71],"evaluate":[73],"their":[74],"effects":[75,156],"on":[76],"cumulative":[77],"production.":[79,224],"layer":[82,127,142,217,230],"was":[83],"optimized":[84],"for":[85],"different":[86,116,158],"types.":[88],"We":[89],"employed":[90],"embedded":[92],"discrete":[93],"model":[95,209],"(EDFM)":[96],"characterize":[98],"structures":[101],"in":[102,124,202,214,223,236],"reservoir":[104,195],"coupled":[106],"it":[107,161],"with":[108,181,193,206,239],"conventional":[110],"simulator":[113],"simulate":[115],"morphologies.":[118],"results":[120],"show":[121],"that":[122,164],"fractures":[123],"three-phase":[126,141,216,229],"provide":[128],"most":[130,220],"significant":[131,221],"enhancement":[133],"among":[134,148],"all":[135,149],"tested":[136],"layers.":[137],"Fractures":[138,213],"within":[139],"deliver":[143],"largest":[145],"gain":[147],"layers":[150],"tested.":[151],"By":[152],"comparing":[153],"development":[155],"types,":[160],"is":[162],"found":[163],"horizontal":[168,191],"wells":[169,192,226],"hydraulic":[171],"can":[173],"effectively":[174],"improve":[175],"recovery":[177],"compared":[180,205,238],"single":[182],"traditional":[186],"exploitation":[187],"methods.":[188],"In":[189],"particular,":[190],"stimulated":[194],"volume":[196],"(SRV)":[197],"yield":[198],"big":[200],"rise":[201],"single-fracture":[208,241],"identical":[211],"conditions.":[212,246],"shows":[218],"improvement":[222],"Horizontal":[225],"achieve":[231],"about":[232],"an":[233],"88.26%":[234],"increase":[235],"simulation":[242],"same":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}