{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128319467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","title":"Identification of Typographic Factors of Lower Primary School Children\u2019s Handwriting Legibility in the Odia Script","display_name":"Identification of Typographic Factors of Lower Primary School Children\u2019s Handwriting Legibility in the Odia Script","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128319467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188405464","display_name":"Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention","issn_l":"1941-1243","issn":["1941-1243","1941-1251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102796679","display_name":"Arnav Kumar Tripathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-2328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnav Kumar Tripathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000618151","display_name":"Subir Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-7213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-7213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subir Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102796679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.9343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97541313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odia-script","display_name":"Odia script","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-legibility","display_name":"handwriting legibility","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-assessment","display_name":"handwriting assessment","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odia-language","display_name":"Odia language","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy-development","display_name":"literacy development","score":0.5199999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820694","display_name":"Legibility","level":2,"score":0.9531999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9491000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166422571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159964","display_name":"Typography","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017715821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Assistive technology","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780910867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952416","display_name":"Multimodality","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2026.2629366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188405464","display_name":"Journal of Occupational Therapy Schools & Early Intervention","issn_l":"1941-1243","issn":["1941-1243","1941-1251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6700394153594971,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485358304","https://openalex.org/W1535413908","https://openalex.org/W1970295032","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1979372751","https://openalex.org/W1993826292","https://openalex.org/W1997207838","https://openalex.org/W2026953147","https://openalex.org/W2030681522","https://openalex.org/W2041318565","https://openalex.org/W2076051392","https://openalex.org/W2086247613","https://openalex.org/W2091714127","https://openalex.org/W2093468702","https://openalex.org/W2100802005","https://openalex.org/W2138786365","https://openalex.org/W2170781453","https://openalex.org/W2280153181","https://openalex.org/W2312027011","https://openalex.org/W2499109724","https://openalex.org/W2519321357","https://openalex.org/W2541773764","https://openalex.org/W2621088094","https://openalex.org/W2793997322","https://openalex.org/W2882997793","https://openalex.org/W2888615115","https://openalex.org/W2898411873","https://openalex.org/W2912530410","https://openalex.org/W2945892366","https://openalex.org/W2950504429","https://openalex.org/W2954700947","https://openalex.org/W2969298204","https://openalex.org/W2987968695","https://openalex.org/W2994910382","https://openalex.org/W2998612953","https://openalex.org/W3000082320","https://openalex.org/W3033641255","https://openalex.org/W3048560297","https://openalex.org/W3087921657","https://openalex.org/W3156540259","https://openalex.org/W3183623554","https://openalex.org/W4226188241","https://openalex.org/W4237899717","https://openalex.org/W4254745541","https://openalex.org/W4287071181","https://openalex.org/W4297110084","https://openalex.org/W4319987541","https://openalex.org/W4385342893","https://openalex.org/W4390266564","https://openalex.org/W4391363602","https://openalex.org/W4395452301","https://openalex.org/W4399368000","https://openalex.org/W4400037529","https://openalex.org/W4400292374","https://openalex.org/W4411736834"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Odia,":[0],"one":[1],"of":[2,19,31,70,114,125,160],"India\u2019s":[3],"22":[4],"official":[5],"languages,":[6],"is":[7],"primarily":[8],"spoken":[9],"in":[10,33,45,58,87,99],"Odisha,":[11],"where":[12],"it":[13],"functions":[14],"as":[15],"the":[16,23,28,68,102,158],"primary":[17],"medium":[18],"instruction":[20],"up":[21],"to":[22,151],"senior":[24],"secondary":[25],"level.":[26],"As":[27],"first":[29],"language":[30],"children":[32,74],"this":[34,49],"region,":[35],"Odia":[36,59,71,100,153],"handwriting":[37,54,72,154],"holds":[38],"strong":[39],"cultural":[40],"and":[41,56,94,109,119,132,143,157],"educational":[42],"significance,":[43],"particularly":[44],"literacy":[46],"development.":[47],"Despite":[48],"importance,":[50],"research":[51],"on":[52,92,148],"early":[53],"education":[55],"assessment":[57,145],"remains":[60],"limited.":[61],"This":[62],"study":[63,137],"examines":[64],"typographic":[65,149],"factors":[66,150],"influencing":[67],"legibility":[69],"among":[73],"aged":[75],"5\u20137":[76],"years.":[77],"Sixty-two":[78],"participants":[79],"(Mage":[80],"=":[81,84],"5.89,":[82],"SD":[83],"0.61)":[85],"participated":[86],"systematic":[88,144],"writing":[89],"tasks":[90],"based":[91,147],"listening":[93],"copying.":[95],"Expert":[96],"evaluators":[97],"fluent":[98],"assessed":[101],"handwritten":[103],"samples":[104],"for":[105,141],"letter":[106],"shape":[107],"reproducibility":[108],"overall":[110],"legibility.":[111],"Qualitative":[112],"analysis":[113],"evaluator":[115],"comments,":[116],"employing":[117],"coding":[118],"thematic":[120],"categorization,":[121],"revealed":[122],"key":[123],"determinants":[124],"legibility,":[126],"including":[127],"stroke":[128],"operations,":[129],"inter-component":[130],"relations,":[131],"functional":[133],"letter-part":[134],"attributes.":[135],"The":[136],"concludes":[138],"with":[139],"suggestions":[140],"refined":[142],"methods":[146],"inform":[152],"pedagogical":[155],"practices":[156],"management":[159],"handwriting-related":[161],"learning":[162],"challenges.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2026-02-09T00:00:00"}