{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128316646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","title":"A real-world evaluation of longitudinal healthcare expenses in a health system registry of type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease enabled by the 21st century cures act","display_name":"A real-world evaluation of longitudinal healthcare expenses in a health system registry of type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease enabled by the 21st century cures act","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128316646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40492070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223033","display_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","issn_l":"2666-6677","issn":["2666-6677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043198554","display_name":"Lovedeep Singh Dhingra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-4126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-4126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lovedeep S. Dhingra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123977422","display_name":"Aline F. Pedroso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aline F. Pedroso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062037359","display_name":"Arya Aminorroaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-2657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-2657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arya Aminorroaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068314998","display_name":"JIGAR R. RAJPURA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jigar Rajpura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro Township, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro Township, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039636296","display_name":"SHERIF J. MEHANNA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherif Mehanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro Township, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro Township, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053229172","display_name":"Ivy Q. Tonnu-Mihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-1990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-1990"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivy Tonnu-Mihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro Township, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro Township, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017974764","display_name":"Rohan Khera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323778983","display_name":"Yale New Haven Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05tszed37","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323778983","https://openalex.org/I4210117499"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Khera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Biostatistics, Section of Health Informatics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA","Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Data Science (CarDS) Lab, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323778983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Section of Health Informatics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017974764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323778983","https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":14.1538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97731398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"101425","last_page":"101425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.5541999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.5541999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.11050000041723251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.09279999881982803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-hardship","display_name":"financial hardship","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21st-century-cures-act","display_name":"21st Century Cures Act","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8647000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6190999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909478654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778959093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282128","display_name":"Disease registry","level":3,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223033","display_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","issn_l":"2666-6677","issn":["2666-6677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.25328527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.28.25328527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.28.25328527","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2025/05/29/2025.05.28.25328527.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:40492070","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40492070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:41767452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41767452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of preventive cardiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12148267","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12148267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5dcb78ccc3d54e71bcee55825888e209","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5dcb78ccc3d54e71bcee55825888e209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Vol 25, Iss , Pp 101425- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12946900","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12946900/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Prev Cardiol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223033","display_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","issn_l":"2666-6677","issn":["2666-6677"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Preventive Cardiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5577098008","display_name":"Deep learning enhanced detection and personalized monitoring of aortic stenosis - The DETECT-AS Study","funder_award_id":"1r01ag089981-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000870520","display_name":"Translating Personalized Inference from Randomized Clinical Trials to Real-World Cardiovascular Care","funder_award_id":"R01HL167858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000897945","display_name":"Evaluating and Improving Utilization of Evidence-Based Medical Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure using Automated Tools in the Electronic Health Record","funder_award_id":"5k23hl153775-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47848478","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2595485301","https://openalex.org/W2607548721","https://openalex.org/W2611824907","https://openalex.org/W2766166596","https://openalex.org/W2789063454","https://openalex.org/W2889278708","https://openalex.org/W2920277606","https://openalex.org/W2969218718","https://openalex.org/W2990224834","https://openalex.org/W3005022849","https://openalex.org/W3024654776","https://openalex.org/W3031507022","https://openalex.org/W3035917788","https://openalex.org/W3036229906","https://openalex.org/W3040718326","https://openalex.org/W3088848295","https://openalex.org/W4225128959","https://openalex.org/W4229042745","https://openalex.org/W4281609271","https://openalex.org/W4324065517","https://openalex.org/W4380870650","https://openalex.org/W4385248592","https://openalex.org/W4387599318","https://openalex.org/W4388111256","https://openalex.org/W4401882956","https://openalex.org/W4403673898","https://openalex.org/W4404137074","https://openalex.org/W4404359822"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Century":[1],"Cures":[2],"Act,":[3],"which":[4],"mandated":[5],"reporting":[6],"hospital-level":[7],"service,":[8],"we":[9],"pursued":[10],"a":[11,18,28,155],"comprehensive":[12],"evaluation":[13],"of":[14,21,33,95,103,157,194],"healthcare":[15,73,164,171,199],"spending":[16],"in":[17,52,169,259],"diverse":[19],"cohort":[20,31],"individuals":[22],"with":[23,35,126,151,184,189,196,208,247,257],"T2D.":[24],"Methods:":[25],"We":[26,59,75,90],"designed":[27],"pragmatic,":[29],"observational":[30],"study":[32],"patients":[34,150,195,214,246],"T2D":[36,145,152,197,242],"seeking":[37],"regular":[38],"care":[39],"(\u2265":[40],"1":[41,141,258],"visit/2":[42],"years)":[43],"across":[44,124],"5":[45,260],"hospitals":[46],"and":[47,67,105,127,212,218],"an":[48],"outpatient":[49],"network":[50],"(2013-2023)":[51],"the":[53,61,93,144,202],"Yale":[54],"New":[55],"Haven":[56],"Health":[57],"System.":[58],"used":[60,76],"chargemaster":[62],"file":[63],"to":[64,80,140,223],"extract":[65],"Medicare":[66],"insurance-negotiated":[68],"cash":[69],"prices":[70],"for":[71,154,204],"all":[72],"events.":[74],"residential":[77],"zip":[78],"codes":[79],"define":[81],"median":[82,156],"household":[83],"income":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86],"US":[87],"Census":[88],"data.":[89],"also":[91],"examined":[92],"prevalence":[94],"financial":[96,205,225,262],"hardship,":[97],"defined":[98,123],"by":[99],"health":[100],"expenses":[101,175,200],">20%":[102],"income,":[104],"identified":[106],"its":[107],"predictors":[108],"using":[109],"multivariable":[110],"logistic":[111],"regression.":[112],"All":[113],"values":[114],"were":[115,122,180,215,220],"assessed":[116],"as":[117],"2023":[118],"US$.":[119],"Key":[120],"cohorts":[121],"strata":[125],"without":[128,178],"atherosclerotic":[129],"cardiovascular":[130,250],"disease":[131],"(ASCVD)":[132],"and/or":[133],"heart":[134],"failure":[135],"(HF)":[136],"before":[137],"or":[138],"up":[139],"year":[142],"after":[143],"diagnosis.":[146],"Results:":[147],"Overall,":[148],"106,881":[149],"followed":[153],"5.4":[158],"years":[159],"(IQR:":[160],"3.1-7.5)":[161],"had":[162,198,252],"2,258,376":[163],"visits,":[165],"representing":[166],"$3.56":[167],"billion":[168],"expected":[170,174],"expenses.":[172],"Annualized":[173],"among":[176,187],"those":[177,188],"ASCVD/HF":[179],"$444":[181],"(147-4,471),":[182],"compared":[183],"$2,930":[185],"(209-13,240)":[186],"ASCVD/HF.":[190],"Across":[191],"cohorts,":[192],"9-29%":[193],"above":[201],"threshold":[203],"hardship.":[206,263],"Compared":[207],"White":[209],"patients,":[210],"Black":[211],"Hispanic":[213],"more":[216],"likely,":[217],"Asians":[219],"less":[221],"likely":[222],"have":[224],"hardship":[226],"(aOR:":[227],"Black,":[228],"1.81":[229],"[1.73-1.91];":[230],"Hispanic,":[231],"1.39":[232],"[1.31-1.48];":[233],"Asian,":[234],"0.46":[235],"[0.37-0.57]).":[236],"Conclusion:":[237],"A":[238],"digital,":[239],"individualized,":[240],"expense-linked":[241],"registry":[243],"showed":[244],"that":[245],"(vs":[248],"without)":[249],"comorbidities":[251],"substantially":[253],"higher":[254],"medical":[255],"expenses,":[256],"facing":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2026-02-09T00:00:00"}
