{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128301502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","title":"A Bracing Design Method for Shear-Type Strongly Braced Steel Frames Based on the Story Critical Stiffness","display_name":"A Bracing Design Method for Shear-Type Strongly Braced Steel Frames Based on the Story Critical Stiffness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128301502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16040695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/16/4/695/pdf?version=1770464153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/16/4/695/pdf?version=1770464153","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055400073","display_name":"Shuwei Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-6762","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7429-6762"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwei Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125357901","display_name":"Jiansheng Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Construction Engineering, Yunnan Vocational University of Land and Resources, Kunming 650214, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Construction Engineering, Yunnan Vocational University of Land and Resources, Kunming 650214, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125362503","display_name":"Difei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-3152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-3152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Difei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology/School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-3152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology/School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125360633","display_name":"Hongyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0100-1917","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0100-1917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0100-1917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125364871","display_name":"Bo Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Construction Engineering, Yunnan Vocational University of Land and Resources, Kunming 650214, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Construction Engineering, Yunnan Vocational University of Land and Resources, Kunming 650214, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125362503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"695","last_page":"695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13852","display_name":"Seismic and Structural Analysis of Tall Buildings","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-delta-effect","display_name":"P-delta effects","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-effects","display_name":"second-order effects","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buckling-load","display_name":"buckling load","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777905996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32500556","display_name":"Bracing","level":3,"score":0.9843999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.927299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125800246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17003730","display_name":"Braced frame","level":3,"score":0.8141000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.760200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85476182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693104","display_name":"Buckling","level":2,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991790204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1727909","display_name":"Steel frame","level":2,"score":0.5291000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.46889999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182358397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2656128","display_name":"Seismic analysis","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126950237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7964839","display_name":"Structural load","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777457327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11254316","display_name":"Critical load","level":3,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16040695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/16/4/695/pdf?version=1770464153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55a32971c2ec41fdae7085f57c4e398a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55a32971c2ec41fdae7085f57c4e398a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 695 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16040695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16040695","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/16/4/695/pdf?version=1770464153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1744731797","display_name":"\u9884\u5e94\u529b\u8fde\u7eed\u7ec4\u5408\u6881\u6536\u7f29\u5f90\u53d8\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"51868034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128301502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128301502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996016092","https://openalex.org/W1998598431","https://openalex.org/W2053178893","https://openalex.org/W2082177490","https://openalex.org/W3032080523","https://openalex.org/W3096286900","https://openalex.org/W4309779575","https://openalex.org/W4389159429","https://openalex.org/W4389427253","https://openalex.org/W4394775361","https://openalex.org/W4401634698","https://openalex.org/W4407037610","https://openalex.org/W4409146933","https://openalex.org/W4411135615","https://openalex.org/W4413406346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366782415","https://openalex.org/W2174119902","https://openalex.org/W2383368385","https://openalex.org/W564769070","https://openalex.org/W2366783513","https://openalex.org/W2022193067","https://openalex.org/W7130850101","https://openalex.org/W2125916057","https://openalex.org/W1517441176","https://openalex.org/W2470484017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"a":[1,18,139,161,174],"shear-type":[2,45,71,83,125,149,162],"strongly":[3,72,150],"braced":[4,73,151,163],"steel":[5,74,152,164],"frame":[6,20,165],"suffers":[7],"from":[8],"non-sway":[9,19,170],"buckling,":[10,171],"the":[11,28,44,55,66,79,82,95,99,108,113,117,120,124,129,144,178,183],"effective":[12,185],"length":[13,186],"factor":[14,187],"for":[15,24,34,65,98,143,176,181],"columns":[16],"in":[17],"should":[21,31],"be":[22,32,48],"selected":[23],"stability":[25],"calculations,":[26],"and":[27,50,86,93,128,188],"P-\u03b4":[29],"effect":[30],"considered":[33],"second-order":[35,189],"analysis.":[36],"However,":[37],"an":[38,62],"unreasonable":[39],"design":[40,69],"may":[41],"result":[42],"if":[43],"bracing":[46,57,68,84,102,110,131],"cannot":[47],"accurately":[49],"practically":[51],"designed":[52],"to":[53],"meet":[54],"strong":[56],"requirements.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"analytical":[63],"method":[64],"critical":[67,101,109,130,145],"of":[70,89,112,123,148],"frames":[75,153],"is":[76,91,104,134,154],"proposed.":[77],"First,":[78],"relationship":[80,118],"between":[81,119],"stiffness":[85,103,111,133],"buckling":[87],"load":[88],"structures":[90],"analyzed,":[92],"then":[94],"calculation":[96,141],"formula":[97,142,157],"story":[100],"derived":[105],"based":[106],"on":[107,137],"separation":[114],"column.":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"cross-sectional":[121],"properties":[122],"brace":[126,146],"members":[127],"lateral":[132],"established.":[135],"Based":[136],"this,":[138],"direct":[140],"area":[147],"derived.":[155],"This":[156],"can":[158],"determine":[159],"whether":[160],"will":[166],"experience":[167],"sidesway":[168],"or":[169],"thereby":[172],"providing":[173],"basis":[175],"selecting":[177],"appropriate":[179],"approach":[180],"calculating":[182],"column":[184],"effects.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-02-09T00:00:00"}