{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128166451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","title":"Privacy-Preserving ECC-Based AKA for Resource-Constrained IoT Sensor Networks with Forgotten Password Reset","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving ECC-Based AKA for Resource-Constrained IoT Sensor Networks with Forgotten Password Reset","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128166451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41751688","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12938885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/185/pdf?version=1770384739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/185/pdf?version=1770384739","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125280934","display_name":"Yicheng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6894-6149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6894-6149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicheng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125264966","display_name":"Kai Wei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035697208","display_name":"Kun Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3614-2835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3614-2835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182722699","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3614-2835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182722699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125270180","display_name":"Wangyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8404-9489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8404-9489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wangyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3DR, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8404-9489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3DR, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035697208","https://openalex.org/A5125270180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781","https://openalex.org/I182722699"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":2.2769,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84292029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"185","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-and-key-agreement","display_name":"authentication and key agreement","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physically-unclonable-functions","display_name":"physical unclonable functions","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"wireless sensor networks","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-reset","display_name":"password recovery","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-security-protocols","display_name":"lightweight security protocols","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"privacy preservation","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constrained-devices","display_name":"resource-constrained devices","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ban-logic","display_name":"BAN logic","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proverif","display_name":"ProVerif","score":0.9950000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.7695000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5566999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191197275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755775","display_name":"Session key","level":3,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121158502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4652161","display_name":"AKA","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50230483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2108226","display_name":"Pre-shared key","level":5,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131129157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059963","display_name":"Challenge\u2013response authentication","level":4,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/185/pdf?version=1770384739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41751688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41751688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12938885","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12938885/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4d98884958a48e1b3f5b195ddab8171","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4d98884958a48e1b3f5b195ddab8171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 2, p 185 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/185/pdf?version=1770384739","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313851","display_name":"Shenzhen Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/00d2w9g53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128166451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128166451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2003544295","https://openalex.org/W2010939995","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W3010598413","https://openalex.org/W3110603219","https://openalex.org/W3138029532","https://openalex.org/W4303981220","https://openalex.org/W4323544956","https://openalex.org/W4385115879","https://openalex.org/W4388231191","https://openalex.org/W4390104928","https://openalex.org/W4391051921","https://openalex.org/W4396763625","https://openalex.org/W4403298896","https://openalex.org/W4403942058","https://openalex.org/W4405374508","https://openalex.org/W4409524397","https://openalex.org/W7085827669","https://openalex.org/W7116631047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7107880956","https://openalex.org/W3157353315","https://openalex.org/W7203750758","https://openalex.org/W2410215724","https://openalex.org/W2918166312","https://openalex.org/W4320075898","https://openalex.org/W4396965675","https://openalex.org/W4251801989","https://openalex.org/W4210623992","https://openalex.org/W1967399643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1,30],"networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"are":[4,16],"extensively":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,44],"IoT":[8],"applications.":[9],"Secure":[10],"access":[11],"control":[12],"and":[13,51,65,103,123,149],"data":[14],"protection":[15],"essential.":[17],"Nonetheless,":[18],"the":[19,45,105,118,143,153],"wireless":[20],"environment":[21],"has":[22],"an":[23,115,128],"open":[24],"nature.":[25],"The":[26],"limited":[27],"resources":[28],"of":[29,38,48,120],"devices":[31],"render":[32],"WSNs":[33,70,160],"susceptible":[34],"to":[35,89,96],"a":[36,59],"variety":[37],"security":[39,98],"attacks,":[40],"causing":[41],"significant":[42],"difficulties":[43],"design":[46],"phase":[47],"efficient":[49],"authentication":[50],"key":[52],"agreement":[53],"(AKA)":[54],"protocols.":[55],"This":[56],"study":[57],"proposes":[58],"physically":[60],"unclonable":[61],"function":[62],"(PUF)-based":[63],"lightweight":[64],"secure":[66,78,109],"AKA":[67],"protocol":[68,107,145],"for":[69,159],"based":[71],"on":[72],"elliptic":[73],"curve":[74],"cryptography":[75],"(ECC).":[76],"A":[77],"password":[79],"update":[80],"scheme":[81],"is":[82,108],"offered,":[83],"which":[84],"would":[85],"allow":[86],"legitimate":[87],"users":[88],"reset":[90],"forgotten":[91],"passwords":[92],"without":[93],"re-registration.":[94],"According":[95],"formal":[97],"analysis":[99],"using":[100],"BAN":[101],"logic":[102],"ProVerif,":[104],"proposed":[106,144],"against":[110],"common":[111],"attacks.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"from":[114],"entropy":[116],"perspective,":[117],"use":[119],"dynamic":[121],"pseudonyms":[122],"fresh":[124],"session":[125],"randomness":[126],"increase":[127],"adversary's":[129],"uncertainty":[130],"about":[131],"user":[132],"identities,":[133],"thereby":[134],"limiting":[135],"identity-related":[136],"information":[137],"leakage.":[138],"Performance":[139],"evaluation":[140],"shows":[141],"that":[142],"achieves":[146],"lower":[147],"computational":[148],"communication":[150],"overhead":[151],"than":[152],"existing":[154],"ones,":[155],"making":[156],"it":[157],"suitable":[158],"with":[161],"resource":[162],"constraints.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
