{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128076501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","title":"Flaxseed\u2010Derived Rhamnogalacturonan as a Biogenic Stabilizer for CuO Nanoparticles With Photocatalytic, Antimicrobial, and Pollutant\u2010Sensing Applications","display_name":"Flaxseed\u2010Derived Rhamnogalacturonan as a Biogenic Stabilizer for CuO Nanoparticles With Photocatalytic, Antimicrobial, and Pollutant\u2010Sensing Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128076501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/tqem.70308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/tqem.70308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9831443","display_name":"Environmental Quality Management","issn_l":"1088-1913","issn":["1088-1913","1520-6483"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Quality Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/tqem.70308","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106972793","display_name":"Zarfishan Zulfiqar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zarfishan Zulfiqar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111228423","display_name":"Zain Fatima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125182930","display_name":"Nimrim Azeeqa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nimrim Azeeqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101482255","display_name":"Fozia Iram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-2164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-2164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161237661","display_name":"Lahore College for Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bf6br77","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161237661"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fozia Iram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry Lahore College for Women University  Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7252-2164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Lahore College for Women University  Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161237661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138064896","display_name":"Imran Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bakhtawar Amin College of Pharmaceutical Sciences  Multan Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bakhtawar Amin College of Pharmaceutical Sciences  Multan Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125112993","display_name":"Muhammad Wajid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7321-3784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7321-3784"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Wajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Institute of Medical Sciences  Multan Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7321-3784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Institute of Medical Sciences  Multan Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104297875","display_name":"Aamna Majeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamna Majeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103793452","display_name":"Muhammad Naeem Qaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-4888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-4888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naeem Qaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy University of Sargodha  Sargodha Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-4888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy University of Sargodha  Sargodha Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069154618","display_name":"Gulzar Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-9921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-9921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gulzar Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-9921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences Government College University Lahore  Lahore Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069154618","https://openalex.org/A5125112993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"fwci":2.8934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88101862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.49630001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.49630001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11907","display_name":"Copper-based nanomaterials and applications","score":0.4957999885082245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuo-nanoparticles","display_name":"copper oxide nanoparticles","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-synthesis","display_name":"green synthesis","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhamnogalacturonan","display_name":"rhamnogalacturonan","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flaxseed-mucilage","display_name":"flaxseed mucilage","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-stabilizers","display_name":"natural stabilizers","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photocatalysis","display_name":"photocatalysis","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylene-blue-degradation","display_name":"methylene blue degradation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial activity","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm-inhibition","display_name":"biofilm inhibition","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-ion-detection","display_name":"heavy metal ion detection","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-detection","display_name":"lead ion detection","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-detection","display_name":"iron detection","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-remediation","display_name":"environmental remediation","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61276311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624543","display_name":"Monoclinic crystal system","level":3,"score":0.7386999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.6969000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776020440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420705","display_name":"Crystal violet","level":2,"score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5354999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5091000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781183027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106920642","display_name":"Copper oxide","level":3,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779191827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422134","display_name":"Methylene blue","level":4,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.45719999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162847780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1902073","display_name":"Photodegradation","level":4,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779899794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3559141","display_name":"Delafossite","level":3,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780142285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866601","display_name":"Bismuth vanadate","level":4,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99696124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424275","display_name":"Mucilage","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777502316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712515","display_name":"Stabilizer (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776569586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196661","display_name":"Cadmium oxide","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104663316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76299","display_name":"Visible spectrum","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199164860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822745","display_name":"Metal ions in aqueous solution","level":3,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59789625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780","display_name":"Colloid","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2669999897480011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/tqem.70308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/tqem.70308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9831443","display_name":"Environmental Quality Management","issn_l":"1088-1913","issn":["1088-1913","1520-6483"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Quality Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/tqem.70308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.70308","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/tqem.70308","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9831443","display_name":"Environmental Quality Management","issn_l":"1088-1913","issn":["1088-1913","1520-6483"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Quality Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128076501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128076501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968681772","https://openalex.org/W1975997458","https://openalex.org/W1979016096","https://openalex.org/W2001257642","https://openalex.org/W2016033441","https://openalex.org/W2036139564","https://openalex.org/W2038090186","https://openalex.org/W2068696387","https://openalex.org/W2074688754","https://openalex.org/W2089015827","https://openalex.org/W2097137679","https://openalex.org/W2124237587","https://openalex.org/W2131114256","https://openalex.org/W2290966472","https://openalex.org/W2552185551","https://openalex.org/W2609923386","https://openalex.org/W2753840400","https://openalex.org/W2769546488","https://openalex.org/W2791478933","https://openalex.org/W2893133799","https://openalex.org/W2942769349","https://openalex.org/W2945793557","https://openalex.org/W2963890487","https://openalex.org/W2969879207","https://openalex.org/W3007643431","https://openalex.org/W3045059228","https://openalex.org/W3048254850","https://openalex.org/W3092812397","https://openalex.org/W3094577641","https://openalex.org/W3164173390","https://openalex.org/W3176068405","https://openalex.org/W3198620398","https://openalex.org/W3201404441","https://openalex.org/W3204211756","https://openalex.org/W3211299661","https://openalex.org/W4205818685","https://openalex.org/W4212947632","https://openalex.org/W4225309884","https://openalex.org/W4282038078","https://openalex.org/W4293236590","https://openalex.org/W4296295575","https://openalex.org/W4297347672","https://openalex.org/W4304992320","https://openalex.org/W4322741608","https://openalex.org/W4375928132","https://openalex.org/W4376643045","https://openalex.org/W4385607053","https://openalex.org/W4386107113","https://openalex.org/W4390367243","https://openalex.org/W4390512366","https://openalex.org/W4396791063","https://openalex.org/W4399264252","https://openalex.org/W4400206978","https://openalex.org/W4400948372","https://openalex.org/W4401684785","https://openalex.org/W4401713550","https://openalex.org/W4402206282","https://openalex.org/W4403809732","https://openalex.org/W4404667607","https://openalex.org/W4412116143"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,28,43,96,110,137,181],"study":[2,182],"presents":[3],"the":[4,14,62,88,119,184],"green":[5],"synthesis":[6],"of":[7,58,107,113,121,186],"copper":[8],"oxide":[9],"nanoparticles":[10],"(CuO":[11],"NPs)":[12],"using":[13,33],"rhamnogalacturonan\u2010rich":[15],"mucilage":[16],"from":[17],"flaxseed":[18],"(":[19],"Linum":[20],"usitatissimum":[21],")":[22,135],"as":[23,167,174],"a":[24,47,100],"natural":[25],"stabilizing":[26],"agent.":[27],"CuO":[29,64,89,114,138,164,188],"NPs":[30,65,90,115,139,165,189],"were":[31,91],"characterized":[32],"spectroscopic":[34],"techniques,":[35],"including":[36],"UV\u2010Visible":[37],"spectroscopy,":[38],"FTIR,":[39],"SEM,":[40],"and":[41,94,144,158,177,198],"XRD.":[42],"UV":[44],"analysis":[45,85,98],"revealed":[46,71],"sharp":[48],"band":[49,56],"at":[50,75,148],"294":[51],"nm":[52],"with":[53,104],"an":[54,72],"energy":[55],"gap":[57],"4.27":[59],"eV;":[60],"hence,":[61],"prepared":[63],"are":[66],"semiconductor":[67],"materials.":[68],"FTIR":[69],"spectrum":[70],"intense":[73],"peak":[74],"590":[76],"cm":[77],"\u22121":[78,134],",":[79,157],"attributed":[80],"to":[81],"Cu\u2010O":[82],"bonds.":[83],"SEM":[84],"discovered":[86],"that":[87],"non\u2010spherical,":[92],"polydispersed,":[93],"agglomerated.":[95],"XRD":[97],"showed":[99],"monoclinic":[101],"crystal":[102],"structure":[103],"crystallite":[105],"sizes":[106],"11\u201331":[108],"nm.":[109],"photocatalytic":[111],"activity":[112,143],"was":[116],"responsible":[117],"for":[118,169,190],"decomposition":[120],"87.2%":[122],"methylene":[123],"blue":[124],"(MB)":[125],"in":[126,193],"sunlight":[127],"following":[128],"pseudo\u2010first\u2010order":[129],"(k":[130],"=":[131],"0.01708":[132],"min":[133],"kinetics.":[136],"depicted":[140],"significant":[141],"antimicrobial":[142],"complete":[145],"biofilm":[146],"inhibition":[147],"100":[149],"\u00b5":[150],"g/mL":[151],"against":[152],"Bacillus":[153],"licheniformis,":[154],"Escherichia":[155],"coli":[156],"Pseudomonas":[159],"aeruginosa":[160],".":[161,180],"In":[162],"addition,":[163],"acted":[166],"sensors":[168],"heavy":[170],"metal":[171],"ions":[172],"such":[173],"Pb":[175],"2+":[176,179],"Fe":[178],"suggests":[183],"potential":[185],"rhamnogalacturonan\u2010capped":[187],"successful":[191],"use":[192],"antibacterial":[194],"applications,":[195],"environmental":[196],"remediation,":[197],"pollutant":[199],"detection.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}