{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127976216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443261424271","title":"Experimental investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate (PC) and carbon-fiber reinforced ABS (CFR-ABS) composites fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF)","display_name":"Experimental investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate (PC) and carbon-fiber reinforced ABS (CFR-ABS) composites fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127976216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443261424271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00952443261424271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443261424271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443261424271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192122970","display_name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","issn_l":"0022-071X","issn":["0022-071X","0095-2443","1530-8006"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Elastomers &amp; Plastics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125163132","display_name":"Jerold John Britto John","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerold John Britto John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramco Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramco Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110445618","display_name":"Prabhakaran Ramachandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-4228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-4228"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prabhakaran Ramachandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramco Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-4228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramco Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118683634","display_name":"Venkatesh Ramamoorthi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh Ramamoorthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramco Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramco Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125164850","display_name":"Sivaprakash Paulraj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivaprakash Paulraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramco Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramco Institute of Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110445618"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90851888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"671","last_page":"697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycarbonate","display_name":"polycarbonate","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fiber-reinforced-abs","display_name":"carbon fiber reinforced ABS","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fused-deposition-modeling","display_name":"fused deposition modeling","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoplastic-composites","display_name":"thermoplastic composites","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-strength","display_name":"impact strength","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-transition-temperature","display_name":"glass transition temperature","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-expansion","display_name":"thermal expansion","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallinity","display_name":"crystallinity","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlayer-bonding","display_name":"interlayer bonding","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8636000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.640500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.6211000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.5954999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776540798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62246","display_name":"Polycarbonate","level":2,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777510241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18349149","display_name":"Fused filament fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5454999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47463417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6583695","display_name":"Thermal expansion","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781247691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380677","display_name":"Thermoplastic","level":2,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177229083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5861","display_name":"Glass fiber","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122865956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825643","display_name":"Glass transition","level":3,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992428131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380677","display_name":"Thermoplastic composites","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76344452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263125","display_name":"Fibre-reinforced plastic","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905592","display_name":"Filler (materials)","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127893833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7492185","display_name":"Shear strength (soil)","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00952443261424271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443261424271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00952443261424271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192122970","display_name":"Journal of Elastomers & Plastics","issn_l":"0022-071X","issn":["0022-071X","0095-2443","1530-8006"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Elastomers &amp; Plastics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.423529714345932,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009890403","https://openalex.org/W2762716029","https://openalex.org/W2999013666","https://openalex.org/W3035700267","https://openalex.org/W3057706408","https://openalex.org/W3102092243","https://openalex.org/W3135452051","https://openalex.org/W3144407985","https://openalex.org/W3158892116","https://openalex.org/W3184718351","https://openalex.org/W3194733596","https://openalex.org/W3196751495","https://openalex.org/W3197722738","https://openalex.org/W3208331221","https://openalex.org/W3210535451","https://openalex.org/W4280632756","https://openalex.org/W4296425526","https://openalex.org/W4310053040","https://openalex.org/W4380996039","https://openalex.org/W4390588956","https://openalex.org/W4392661560","https://openalex.org/W4407791752","https://openalex.org/W4409200284","https://openalex.org/W4411764314"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Additive":[0],"manufacturing":[1,336],"is":[2],"a":[3,105,169],"post-industrial":[4],"revolution":[5],"breakthrough":[6],"that":[7,133,305],"consents":[8],"to":[9,313,333],"the":[10,31,50,79,82,84,122,153,173,187,217,223,249,253,269,301,306,311,323],"production":[11],"of":[12,18,53,81,87,112,127,148,155,177,186,200,257,271],"complex":[13],"geometries":[14],"with":[15,46,61,168,248],"minimal":[16],"waste":[17],"materials.":[19],"Fused":[20],"filament":[21],"fabrication":[22],"(FFF),":[23],"in":[24,30,78,142,160,216,264,316,327],"particular,":[25],"has":[26,75,310],"gained":[27],"increasing":[28],"popularity":[29],"automotive":[32],"and":[33,45,91,115,120,124,135,145,151,183,192,197,206,259,287,294,318,345],"consumer":[34,346],"goods":[35],"sectors":[36],"because":[37],"it":[38],"can":[39,330],"customize":[40],"parts":[41],"at":[42,300],"low":[43],"cost":[44],"ease.":[47],"To":[48,97],"improve":[49],"mechanical":[51,123],"performance":[52,162,244,267],"thermoplastic":[54],"parts,":[55],"reinforced":[56],"polymer":[57],"matrices,":[58],"especially":[59],"those":[60],"synthetic":[62],"fillers":[63],"like":[64,342],"carbon":[65,116],"fiber":[66],"have":[67],"been":[68,76],"increasingly":[69],"utilized.":[70],"Although":[71],"single-phase":[72],"filler":[73],"reinforcement":[74],"explored":[77],"majority":[80],"works,":[83],"synergistic":[85],"advantages":[86],"hybrid":[88,157],"stacking":[89,136,255,324],"sequences":[90],"stacked":[92],"layers":[93,293],"are":[94,189,203],"often":[95],"overlooked.":[96],"address":[98],"this":[99,101,156,328],"limitation,":[100],"present":[102],"research":[103],"introduces":[104],"multi-layered":[106],"composite":[107,167,225,308],"printed":[108,149,166],"from":[109],"alternating":[110],"stacks":[111,202],"polycarbonate":[113],"(PC)":[114],"fiber-reinforced":[117],"ABS":[118,261,296],"(CFR-ABS)":[119],"emphasizes":[121],"thermal":[125,146,230,242,265,279],"properties":[126],"such":[128],"sequences.":[129],"Mechanical":[130],"characterization":[131,282],"confirmed":[132],"composition":[134],"sequence":[137,256],"play":[138],"an":[139],"important":[140],"role":[141],"strengthening,":[143],"toughening,":[144],"stability":[147,276],"composites,":[150],"hence":[152],"effectiveness":[154],"design":[158],"strategy":[159],"overall":[161],"enhancement.":[163],"The":[164,181,195,232,241,298],"3D":[165],"PC/CFR-ABS/PC":[170,188],"stack":[171],"presented":[172],"highest":[174],"tensile":[175],"strength":[176,185],"54.07":[178],"MPa,":[179],"respectively.":[180],"flexural":[182],"shear":[184],"62.81":[190],"MPa":[191,205],"9.96":[193],"MPa.":[194],"compressive":[196],"Impact":[198],"Strength":[199],"these":[201],"53.52":[204],"3.25":[207],"J/cm":[208],"2":[209],".":[210],"Thermal":[211],"analysis":[212],"showed":[213,283],"minor":[214],"variations":[215],"glass":[218],"transition":[219],"temperature":[220],"(Tg)":[221],"between":[222,291],"different":[224],"configurations,":[226],"which":[227],"indicate":[228,268],"stable":[229],"performance.":[231],"crystallinity":[233],"content":[234],"was":[235,245],"uniform,":[236],"indicating":[237],"uniform":[238],"material":[239,272],"processing.":[240],"expansion":[243,266],"significantly":[246],"different,":[247],"major":[250],"cause":[251],"being":[252],"layer":[254],"PC":[258,292],"carbon-reinforced":[260,295],"layers.":[262,297],"Variations":[263],"effect":[270],"orientation":[273],"on":[274],"dimension":[275],"control":[277],"under":[278],"loading.":[280],"Morphological":[281],"good":[284],"interface":[285],"adhesion":[286],"appropriate":[288],"matrix\u2013filler":[289],"interaction":[290],"bonding":[299],"fracture":[302],"surfaces":[303],"ensures":[304],"resulting":[307],"structure":[309],"potential":[312],"be":[314,331],"utilized":[315],"light":[317],"mechanically":[319],"intensive":[320],"applications.":[321],"Furthermore,":[322],"approach":[325],"adopted":[326],"study":[329],"extended":[332],"various":[334],"additive":[335],"systems.":[337],"This":[338],"category":[339],"includes":[340],"industries":[341],"automotive,":[343],"aerospace,":[344],"products.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
