{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127911044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","title":"Prior beliefs & automated fact checking: Limits on the effectiveness of AI-based corrections","display_name":"Prior beliefs & automated fact checking: Limits on the effectiveness of AI-based corrections","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127911044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41642828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0342332&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0342332&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038720810","display_name":"Kelly M. Amaddio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5583-885X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5583-885X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kelly M. Amaddio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5583-885X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111145750","display_name":"Jacob T. Goebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1422-5140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1422-5140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob T. Goebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103079906","display_name":"Jason K. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6210-355X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6210-355X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191429286","display_name":"Sam Houston State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh3cz06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason K. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191429286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018184313","display_name":"Duane T. Wegener","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-4251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-4251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duane T. Wegener","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-4251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125120284","display_name":"R. Kelly Garrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-7452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-7452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Kelly Garrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-7452","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024268094","display_name":"Mark W. Susmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-1007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-1007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark W. Susmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755351","display_name":"Srinivasan Parthasarathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-6449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-6449","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8203-1242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasan Parthasarathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038720810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":24.9634,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98744823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"e0342332","last_page":"e0342332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12887","display_name":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-fact-checking","display_name":"automated fact-checking","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"misinformation","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-beliefs","display_name":"prior beliefs","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-persistence","display_name":"belief persistence","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-ai","display_name":"trust in AI","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.9312999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6851000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6226999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129484327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177603","display_name":"Social perception","level":3,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0342332&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41642828","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41642828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11682922","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12875456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17bd6853ff1d4feebd1b47049a1c03c0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17bd6853ff1d4feebd1b47049a1c03c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 21, Iss 2, p e0342332 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:41222accafcf4323afeff33028b7882a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/41222accafcf4323afeff33028b7882a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 21, Iss 2 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12875456","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12875456/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0342332","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0342332&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS One","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6519323587417603}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127911044.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127911044.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982167877","https://openalex.org/W1984798263","https://openalex.org/W2007567868","https://openalex.org/W2011572126","https://openalex.org/W2023294052","https://openalex.org/W2106268407","https://openalex.org/W2116926372","https://openalex.org/W2118448219","https://openalex.org/W2120061261","https://openalex.org/W2125634133","https://openalex.org/W2130768078","https://openalex.org/W2132490153","https://openalex.org/W2132553681","https://openalex.org/W2137550505","https://openalex.org/W2149893809","https://openalex.org/W2154338033","https://openalex.org/W2156155183","https://openalex.org/W2157392583","https://openalex.org/W2163179583","https://openalex.org/W2167550399","https://openalex.org/W2559668938","https://openalex.org/W2592103299","https://openalex.org/W2779971212","https://openalex.org/W2803783310","https://openalex.org/W2895665548","https://openalex.org/W2910027323","https://openalex.org/W2960460503","https://openalex.org/W2982071752","https://openalex.org/W2986251574","https://openalex.org/W3015786209","https://openalex.org/W3027896044","https://openalex.org/W3089750590","https://openalex.org/W3119816239","https://openalex.org/W3126124149","https://openalex.org/W3144117578","https://openalex.org/W3199024142","https://openalex.org/W3206297794","https://openalex.org/W4206236567","https://openalex.org/W4214482690","https://openalex.org/W4229790860","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4280623148","https://openalex.org/W4297505072","https://openalex.org/W4308764902","https://openalex.org/W4310639151","https://openalex.org/W4312248975","https://openalex.org/W4321327807","https://openalex.org/W4361287341","https://openalex.org/W4366422565","https://openalex.org/W4380791957","https://openalex.org/W4381614515","https://openalex.org/W4385298725","https://openalex.org/W4387972770","https://openalex.org/W4402270474"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proliferation":[0],"of":[1,51,78,91,99,107,130,141,158,202,234],"misinformation":[2,53,85,167],"poses":[3],"significant":[4],"challenges":[5],"in":[6,28,70,81,109,225,243],"contemporary":[7],"society,":[8],"necessitating":[9],"efficient":[10],"strategies":[11],"for":[12,236],"its":[13],"identification":[14],"and":[15,54,74,87,102,127,210,230,239],"mitigation.":[16],"Automated":[17],"fact-checking":[18,79],"systems":[19,80,161],"might":[20],"prove":[21],"effective,":[22],"but":[23],"they":[24],"face":[25],"challenges,":[26],"particularly":[27],"charged":[29],"contexts":[30],"where":[31,45],"prior":[32,67,119,176,194],"beliefs":[33,120,195,238],"are":[34],"likely":[35],"to":[36,39,149,155,165,169,199,227],"influence":[37],"responses":[38],"fact-checks.":[40],"Data":[41],"from":[42],"two":[43],"studies":[44],"participants":[46,183],"were":[47,147,184],"given":[48],"a":[49,104,116],"piece":[50],"gun-control":[52],"an":[55,151],"automated":[56,145,228],"fact-checker":[57,188],"correction":[58,126],"(N":[59],"=":[60],"1,372)":[61],"illustrate":[62],"the":[63,75,125,131,138,142,170,187,213,232],"nuanced":[64],"interplay":[65],"between":[66],"beliefs,":[68],"trust":[69],"artificial":[71],"intelligence":[72],"(AI),":[73],"perceived":[76,240],"accuracy":[77,101,140,152,206],"shaping":[82],"(a)":[83],"post-correction":[84,89,128,200],"endorsement,":[86],"(b)":[88],"perceptions":[90,98,129,201],"system":[92,100,203,214,241],"quality.":[93],"Study":[94,134],"1":[95],"examined":[96],"default":[97],"demonstrated":[103],"high":[105],"degree":[106],"variability":[108],"those":[110],"perceptions;":[111],"when":[112,182,205,212],"fact-checked":[113],"by":[114],"such":[115],"system,":[117],"people's":[118],"predicted":[121],"continued":[122,164],"belief":[123],"after":[124],"fact-check":[132],"system.":[133,143],"2":[135],"directly":[136],"manipulated":[137],"purported":[139],"When":[144],"fact-checkers":[146,229],"said":[148],"have":[150],"level":[153],"close":[154],"current":[156],"expectations":[157],"existing":[159],"AI":[160],"(67%),":[162],"people":[163],"believe":[166],"more":[168,197],"extent":[171],"it":[172],"was":[173,180,189,208,215],"consistent":[174],"with":[175],"beliefs.":[177],"This":[178,221],"pattern":[179],"attenuated":[181],"told":[185],"that":[186],"highly":[190,219],"(97%)":[191],"accurate.":[192,220],"Similarly,":[193],"related":[196],"strongly":[198],"reliability":[204],"information":[207],"provided":[209],"especially":[211],"described":[216],"as":[217],"not":[218],"research":[222],"demonstrates":[223],"biases":[224],"reactions":[226],"highlights":[231],"importance":[233],"accounting":[235],"individual":[237],"characteristics":[242],"designing":[244],"scalable":[245],"interventions.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}