{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127612271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","title":"Economic Inequality and Poverty in Sacred Tourism Sites: A Study of Developmental Barriers and Opportunities in Braj Bhumi","display_name":"Economic Inequality and Poverty in Sacred Tourism Sites: A Study of Developmental Barriers and Opportunities in Braj Bhumi","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127612271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18476500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138298309","display_name":"Siya Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800157045","display_name":"NIMS University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tw0x522","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siya Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMS School of Business,  NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMS School of Business,  NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125082965","display_name":"Nivedita Pandey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800157045","display_name":"NIMS University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tw0x522","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nivedita Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMS School of Business,  NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMS School of Business,  NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107083771","display_name":"Abhishek Vaishnava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1244-4393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1244-4393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800157045","display_name":"NIMS University","ror":"https://ror.org/05tw0x522","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Vaishnava","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIMS Institute of Travel & Tourism Management,  NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, Inda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIMS Institute of Travel & Tourism Management,  NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, Inda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800157045"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0485897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12798","display_name":"Religious Tourism and Spaces","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12798","display_name":"Religious Tourism and Spaces","score":0.9502000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13136","display_name":"Community-based Tourism Development and Sustainability","score":0.017999999225139618,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-tourism","display_name":"religious tourism","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"economic inequality","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-reduction","display_name":"poverty reduction","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathura","display_name":"Mathura","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vrindavan","display_name":"Vrindavan","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-led-development","display_name":"tourism-led development","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-livelihoods","display_name":"local livelihoods","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-tourism-practices","display_name":"sustainable tourism practices","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-governance","display_name":"tourism governance","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-development","display_name":"socio-economic development","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-engagement","display_name":"community participation","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.8485000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.8403000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5742999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778734068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344240","display_name":"Sustainable tourism","level":3,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196777733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550467","display_name":"Basic needs","level":3,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151807755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187449","display_name":"Ecotourism","level":3,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75545042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350203","display_name":"Tourism geography","level":3,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776315941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3110694","display_name":"Alternative tourism","level":4,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228835","display_name":"Poor people","level":3,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178377140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q928590","display_name":"Culture of poverty","level":4,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18476500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18476501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18529929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18529929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18529929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.18476500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18476500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996941813","https://openalex.org/W2911106341","https://openalex.org/W4231658920","https://openalex.org/W4390268704","https://openalex.org/W2338433788","https://openalex.org/W7167676551","https://openalex.org/W4225907512","https://openalex.org/W4367300155","https://openalex.org/W2995284989","https://openalex.org/W6893337015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"Braj":[1,154],"Bhumi":[2],"\u2014":[3,13],"made":[4],"up":[5],"of":[6,16,23,78,86,116,118],"Mathura,":[7],"Vrindavan,":[8],"Barsana,":[9],"Govardhan,":[10],"and":[11,20,44,56,69,88,103,135],"Nandgaon":[12],"sees":[14],"millions":[15],"pilgrims":[17],"a":[18,21,60,130],"year":[19],"lot":[22],"economic":[24],"activity.":[25],"Yet,":[26],"as":[27],"sacred":[28],"tourism":[29,81,110,120,142],"has":[30],"grown,":[31],"the":[32,51,76],"region":[33],"still":[34],"struggles":[35],"with":[36,66,129],"uneven":[37],"wealth":[38],"distribution,":[39],"only":[40],"modest":[41],"poverty":[42],"alleviation,":[43],"sluggish":[45],"socio-economic":[46],"development.":[47,144],"This":[48],"research":[49,62],"analyzes":[50],"links":[52],"between":[53],"tourism,":[54],"inequality":[55],"local":[57],"livelihoods":[58],"through":[59],"mixed-method":[61],"design":[63],"including":[64],"surveys":[65],"residents,":[67],"tourists":[68],"vendors.":[70],"Results/General":[71],"findings":[72],"demonstrate":[73],"that":[74],"although":[75],"majority":[77],"respondents":[79],"acknowledge":[80],"to":[82,109,138],"be":[83],"primary":[84],"source":[85],"income":[87],"employment":[89],"generation,":[90],"its":[91],"benefits":[92],"are":[93],"not":[94],"evenly":[95],"distributed.":[96],"Rising":[97],"living":[98],"costs":[99],"for":[100],"lower-income":[101],"groups":[102],"vendors,":[104],"who":[105],"face":[106],"limited":[107],"access":[108],"profits.":[111],"The":[112,126],"extremely":[113],"low":[114],"levels":[115],"awareness":[117],"sustainable":[119],"practices":[121],"also":[122],"reflect":[123],"bad":[124],"governance.":[125],"study":[127],"ends":[128],"suggestive":[131],"inclusive":[132],"policy,":[133],"infra":[134],"community":[136],"participation":[137],"promote":[139],"equity":[140],"in":[141],"led":[143],"Keywords:":[145],"Sacred":[146],"Tourism,":[147],"Economic":[148],"Inequality,":[149],"Poverty":[150],"Alleviation,":[151],"Sustainable":[152],"Development,":[153],"Bhumi.":[155],"JEL":[156],"Classification":[157],"Number:":[158],"F31,":[159],"F41":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}
