{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127601485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","title":"Impact of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on quality of life in individuals with thyroid gland dysfunction: a systematic review","display_name":"Impact of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on quality of life in individuals with thyroid gland dysfunction: a systematic review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127601485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47197/retos.v76.118520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","pdf_url":"https://revistaretos.org/index.php/retos/article/download/118520/84737","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738013834","display_name":"Retos","issn_l":"1579-1726","issn":["1579-1726","1988-2041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321671","host_organization_name":"FEADEF","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321671"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["FEADEF"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retos","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://revistaretos.org/index.php/retos/article/download/118520/84737","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092592059","display_name":"Munseef Sadaqa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-8914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-8914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31079310","display_name":"Al al-Bayt University","ror":"https://ror.org/028jh2126","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munseef Sadaqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor of physical therapy, Rehabilitation sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al al-BAYT University, El Mafraq, Jordon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-8914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor of physical therapy, Rehabilitation sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al al-BAYT University, El Mafraq, Jordon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125098861","display_name":"Amira Ezzat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5000-5729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5000-5729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31079310","display_name":"Al al-Bayt University","ror":"https://ror.org/028jh2126","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amira Ezzat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor of physical therapy, Rehabilitation sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al al-BAYT University, El Mafraq, Jordon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5000-5729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor of physical therapy, Rehabilitation sciences Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al al-BAYT University, El Mafraq, Jordon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31079310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159857190","display_name":"Mohamed Tharwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1412-5640","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1412-5640"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91633459","display_name":"Middle East University","ror":"https://ror.org/059bgad73","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91633459"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Tharwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Department,\u00a0Faculty of allied medical sciences, Middle East University,\u00a0Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1412-5640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Physiotherapy Department,\u00a0Faculty of allied medical sciences, Middle East University,\u00a0Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91633459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017501106","display_name":"Emad Makram Ghattas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2001-5246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2001-5246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad Ghattas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, Department of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, faculty of physical therapy, Suez canal university, ismailia governorate, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2001-5246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, Department of physical therapy for surgery and burn and integumentary disorders, faculty of physical therapy, Suez canal university, ismailia governorate, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146624173","display_name":"Alshaimaa Alsayed Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-6945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-6945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266782","display_name":"German International University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j3zem39","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266782"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alshaimaa Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer of physical therapy for cardiovascular/ respiratory disorders and geriatrics, Faculty of Physical therapy German international university"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-6945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer of physical therapy for cardiovascular/ respiratory disorders and geriatrics, Faculty of Physical therapy German international university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125094420","display_name":"Mai Rewisha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-2755","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-2755"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Rewisha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer of physical therapy , Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Hertfordshire, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-2755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer of physical therapy , Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Hertfordshire, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074016508","display_name":"Yasmin M. Assim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8318-5721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8318-5721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61869032","display_name":"Ahram Canadian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02t055680","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61869032"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasmin Assim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer of Physical Therapy for woman health, Department of Physical Therapy for woman health, Al-Ahram Canadian University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8318-5721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer of Physical Therapy for woman health, Department of Physical Therapy for woman health, Al-Ahram Canadian University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61869032"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123076603","display_name":"Doaa Mohammed Mahmoud Allam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0510-4657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0510-4657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doaa Mohammed Mahmoud Allam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine,\u00a0Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0510-4657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine,\u00a0Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":215},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":null,"first_page":"725","last_page":"738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.8403000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.8403000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13986","display_name":"Medical Practices and Rehabilitation","score":0.07999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11728","display_name":"Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery","score":0.07339999824762344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-disease","display_name":"thyroid dysfunction","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-rehabilitation","display_name":"multidisciplinary rehabilitation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothyroidism","display_name":"hypothyroidism","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperthyroidism","display_name":"hyperthyroidism","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-thyroiditis","display_name":"autoimmune thyroiditis","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroidectomy","display_name":"thyroidectomy","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"physiotherapy","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrotherapy","display_name":"electrotherapy","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-therapy","display_name":"voice therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baduanjin","display_name":"Baduanjin","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-therapy","display_name":"occupational therapy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"psychological intervention","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-therapy","display_name":"exercise therapy","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-well-being","display_name":"emotional well-being","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-functioning","display_name":"physical function","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.7396000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.690500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.595300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102190203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380141","display_name":"Occupational therapy","level":2,"score":0.42329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993291352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid function","level":3,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994032529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673122","display_name":"Thyroid dysfunction","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776478404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187","display_name":"Cochrane Library","level":3,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858520","display_name":"Inclusion and exclusion criteria","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152037","display_name":"Aerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020501284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary team","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47197/retos.v76.118520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","pdf_url":"https://revistaretos.org/index.php/retos/article/download/118520/84737","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738013834","display_name":"Retos","issn_l":"1579-1726","issn":["1579-1726","1988-2041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321671","host_organization_name":"FEADEF","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321671"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["FEADEF"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retos","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:ART0001826362","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=10573606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401293","display_name":"Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I168974976","host_organization_name":"Universidad de La Rioja","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168974976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Retos: nuevas tendencias en educaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica, deporte y recreaci\u00f3n, ISSN 1579-1726, N\u00ba. 76, 2026, pags. 725-738","raw_type":"text (article)"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47197/retos.v76.118520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v76.118520","pdf_url":"https://revistaretos.org/index.php/retos/article/download/118520/84737","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738013834","display_name":"Retos","issn_l":"1579-1726","issn":["1579-1726","1988-2041"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321671","host_organization_name":"FEADEF","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321671"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["FEADEF"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retos","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323382","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127601485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127601485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411591559","https://openalex.org/W4413121632","https://openalex.org/W4414406250","https://openalex.org/W4414767178","https://openalex.org/W4414951550","https://openalex.org/W7118088418","https://openalex.org/W7124277474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3157699992","https://openalex.org/W4414040602","https://openalex.org/W7221619526","https://openalex.org/W3192917789","https://openalex.org/W2991696907","https://openalex.org/W2019281739","https://openalex.org/W7133898686","https://openalex.org/W4283276162","https://openalex.org/W2731270469","https://openalex.org/W7165751829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Dysfunctions":[1],"of":[2,32,39,64,90,98,127,197,218],"the":[3,65,96,131,219],"thyroid":[4,101,260],"gland,":[5],"such":[6,75],"as":[7,72,76],"hypothyroidism,":[8],"hyperthyroidism,":[9],"autoimmune":[10],"thyroiditis":[11],"and":[12,27,48,53,84,104,130,139,181,212,238,248,254,276,281],"conditions":[13],"following":[14],"thyroidectomy,":[15,246],"can":[16],"lead":[17],"to":[18,94],"impairments":[19],"in":[20,51,108,123,225,230,266],"several":[21],"systems,":[22],"impacting":[23],"one's":[24,56],"physical,":[25],"mental":[26],"social":[28],"health.":[29],"Low":[30],"quality":[31,174,275],"life":[33],"(QoL)":[34],"is":[35,93],"a":[36,109,117,195],"major":[37],"consequence":[38],"long-term":[40,282],"symptoms":[41],"including":[42,269],"exhaustion,":[43],"cognitive":[44],"decline,":[45],"weak":[46],"muscles":[47],"joints,":[49],"changes":[50],"metabolism":[52],"problems":[54],"with":[55,100,194,259],"voice.":[57],"There":[58],"has":[59],"not":[60],"been":[61],"enough":[62],"synthesis":[63],"multidisciplinary":[66],"rehabilitative":[67,137],"therapies":[68,138,250],"that":[69,135],"have":[70],"developed":[71],"useful":[73],"adjuncts,":[74],"exercise,":[77],"PT,":[78],"electrotherapy,":[79,201],"voice":[80,202,240],"therapy,":[81,203,206],"Baduanjin,":[82,204],"OT":[83],"psychological":[85,249],"interventions.":[86,220],"Objective:":[87],"The":[88,221],"purpose":[89],"this":[91],"study":[92],"compare":[95],"QoL":[97,141,227],"persons":[99],"dysfunction":[102,261],"before":[103],"after":[105,245],"they":[106],"participate":[107],"multimodal":[110],"rehabilitation":[111],"program.":[112],"Methods:":[113],"Through":[114],"December":[115],"2025,":[116],"comprehensive":[118],"search":[119],"was":[120,176],"carried":[121,177],"out":[122,178],"PubMed,":[124],"Scopus,":[125],"Web":[126],"Science,":[128],"CINAHL":[129],"Cochrane":[132],"Library.":[133],"Studies":[134],"evaluated":[136],"reported":[140],"results":[142],"were":[143,189,215,228],"eligible.":[144],"These":[145],"studies":[146,193],"might":[147],"be":[148],"randomised":[149],"controlled":[150,162],"trials,":[151],"cohort":[152],"studies,":[153],"or":[154],"quasi-experimental":[155],"designs.":[156],"To":[157],"assess":[158],"potential":[159],"bias,":[160],"randomized":[161],"trials":[163],"(RCTs)":[164],"used":[165,171],"RoB":[166],"2,":[167],"whereas":[168],"non-randomized":[169],"research":[170],"ROBINS-I.":[172],"Methodological":[173],"evaluation":[175],"using":[179],"PEDro":[180],"Downs":[182],"&":[183],"Black":[184],"techniques.":[185],"Results:":[186],"Inclusion":[187],"criteria":[188],"satisfied":[190],"by":[191],"fifteen":[192],"total":[196],"1,728":[198],"individuals.":[199],"Physiotherapy,":[200],"occupational":[205],"psychiatric":[207],"treatments,":[208],"structured":[209],"exercise":[210,234],"programs":[211,214],"interdisciplinary":[213,231,264],"all":[216],"part":[217],"most":[222],"significant":[223],"increases":[224],"global":[226],"shown":[229],"programs,":[232],"whereby":[233],"improved":[235,242],"physical":[236,272],"function":[237],"weariness,":[239],"therapy":[241,265],"vocal":[243,274],"outcomes":[244],"Baduanjin":[247],"increased":[251],"emotional":[252,277],"well-being":[253],"so":[255],"on.":[256],"Conclusion:":[257],"Adults":[258],"benefit":[262],"from":[263],"many":[267],"ways,":[268],"enhanced":[270],"QoL,":[271],"capability,":[273],"functioning.":[278],"Protocol":[279],"optimization":[280,284],"result":[283],"require":[285],"standardized,":[286],"high-quality":[287],"studies.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}