{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127598547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","title":"Immunotherapy-related cardiovascular toxicity: from mechanisms to management","display_name":"Immunotherapy-related cardiovascular toxicity: from mechanisms to management","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127598547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41716314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101730422","display_name":"Lifeng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-0560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-0560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091098","display_name":"Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00a53nq42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125006543","display_name":"Weitong Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405267623","display_name":"Jieyang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03mpy3k07","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405267623"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Jieyang People\u2019s Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Jieyang People\u2019s Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405267623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032852688","display_name":"Yanchen Ji","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120522","display_name":"Shantou University Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02gxych78","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchen Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shantou University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shantou University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124987442","display_name":"Qiufeng Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091098","display_name":"Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00a53nq42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiufeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125044902","display_name":"Junqing Pan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091098","display_name":"Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00a53nq42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101248864","display_name":"Renxian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3150-4382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3150-4382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091098","display_name":"Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00a53nq42","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renxian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101248864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091098"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":14.4713,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98512601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1762011","last_page":"1762011"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11535","display_name":"Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation","score":0.6395999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11535","display_name":"Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and mitigation","score":0.6395999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.32670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11638","display_name":"Cardiac tumors and thrombi","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-t-cell-therapy","display_name":"CAR T-cell therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocarditis","display_name":"myocarditis","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pericardial-disease","display_name":"pericardial disease","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrhythmia","display_name":"cardiac arrhythmias","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"heart failure","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-cross-reactivity","display_name":"T cell cross-reactivity","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-mimicry","display_name":"molecular mimicry","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-release-syndrome","display_name":"cytokine release syndrome","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-biomarkers","display_name":"cardiac biomarkers","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-imaging","display_name":"cardiac imaging","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardio-oncology","display_name":"cardio-oncology","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7851999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6941999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020442560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4971815","display_name":"Broad spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.4844000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020501284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary team","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780875844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186235","display_name":"Myocarditis","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991859549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critically ill","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41716314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41716314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92cf542f2dca467f9ba1bf655bdd3b22","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92cf542f2dca467f9ba1bf655bdd3b22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12913522","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12913522/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1762011/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7574754357337952}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127598547.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127598547.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981291019","https://openalex.org/W4293572731","https://openalex.org/W4312084046","https://openalex.org/W4392236024","https://openalex.org/W4393114082","https://openalex.org/W4393228644","https://openalex.org/W4394789105","https://openalex.org/W4395479295","https://openalex.org/W4399437930","https://openalex.org/W4399978182","https://openalex.org/W4399983617","https://openalex.org/W4400430523","https://openalex.org/W4400781986","https://openalex.org/W4400823694","https://openalex.org/W4400984336","https://openalex.org/W4401204112","https://openalex.org/W4401471062","https://openalex.org/W4401514561","https://openalex.org/W4401587144","https://openalex.org/W4401639132","https://openalex.org/W4401729092","https://openalex.org/W4401752391","https://openalex.org/W4401781563","https://openalex.org/W4401829419","https://openalex.org/W4402004004","https://openalex.org/W4402005121","https://openalex.org/W4402192611","https://openalex.org/W4402288248","https://openalex.org/W4402335200","https://openalex.org/W4402389414","https://openalex.org/W4402478655","https://openalex.org/W4402534240","https://openalex.org/W4402706754","https://openalex.org/W4402713132","https://openalex.org/W4402725533","https://openalex.org/W4402751967","https://openalex.org/W4402766234","https://openalex.org/W4403147835","https://openalex.org/W4403186540","https://openalex.org/W4403431331","https://openalex.org/W4403480214","https://openalex.org/W4403657090","https://openalex.org/W4403660511","https://openalex.org/W4403718605","https://openalex.org/W4403879313","https://openalex.org/W4403933238","https://openalex.org/W4403991425","https://openalex.org/W4404105400","https://openalex.org/W4404173326","https://openalex.org/W4404252924","https://openalex.org/W4404328495","https://openalex.org/W4404602087","https://openalex.org/W4404630193","https://openalex.org/W4404901965","https://openalex.org/W4405237294","https://openalex.org/W4405284399","https://openalex.org/W4405405070","https://openalex.org/W4405624754","https://openalex.org/W4405655643","https://openalex.org/W4405751176","https://openalex.org/W4405764896"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cancer":[0],"immunotherapy,":[1],"including":[2,108],"immune":[3],"checkpoint":[4],"inhibitors":[5],"and":[6,40,59,78,81,90,101,103,114,127],"CAR-T":[7],"cell":[8],"therapy,":[9],"has":[10],"revolutionized":[11],"oncology":[12],"but":[13],"is":[14],"associated":[15],"with":[16,99],"a":[17,125],"broad":[18],"spectrum":[19],"of":[20,30,124,140],"cardiovascular":[21,133],"toxicities.":[22],"This":[23],"review":[24,120],"comprehensively":[25],"examines":[26],"the":[27,48,96,122,137],"current":[28],"landscape":[29],"these":[31],"adverse":[32],"events,":[33],"which":[34],"range":[35],"from":[36],"myocarditis,":[37],"pericardial":[38],"disease,":[39],"arrhythmias":[41],"to":[42,131],"heart":[43],"failure.":[44],"We":[45],"delve":[46],"into":[47],"underlying":[49],"pathophysiological":[50],"mechanisms,":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53],"T-cell-mediated":[54],"cross-reactivity":[55],"via":[56],"molecular":[57],"mimicry":[58],"cytokine-mediated":[60],"injury":[61],"in":[62],"cytokine":[63],"release":[64],"syndrome.":[65],"The":[66],"article":[67],"critically":[68],"appraises":[69],"strategies":[70],"for":[71],"risk":[72],"stratification,":[73],"vigilant":[74],"monitoring":[75,116],"using":[76],"biomarkers":[77],"advanced":[79,115],"imaging,":[80],"management":[82],"protocols":[83],"that":[84],"encompass":[85],"immunosuppression,":[86],"targeted":[87],"biological":[88],"therapies,":[89],"supportive":[91],"care.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"we":[94],"explore":[95],"complex":[97],"interplay":[98],"vaccinations":[100],"infections":[102],"highlight":[104],"promising":[105],"future":[106],"directions,":[107],"novel":[109],"therapeutic":[110],"targets,":[111],"preventive":[112],"strategies,":[113],"technologies.":[117],"Ultimately,":[118],"this":[119],"underscores":[121],"necessity":[123],"proactive":[126],"multidisciplinary":[128],"cardio-oncology":[129],"framework":[130],"mitigate":[132],"risks":[134],"while":[135],"preserving":[136],"anticancer":[138],"efficacy":[139],"immunotherapies.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}
