{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127438898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","title":"Optimal Inspection Policies for Imperfect Production Systems with Learning Effects and Bayesian Demand Updating","display_name":"Optimal Inspection Policies for Imperfect Production Systems with Learning Effects and Bayesian Demand Updating","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127438898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/math14030552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113145166","display_name":"Ming-Nan Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Nan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001454796","display_name":"Chih\u2010Chiang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7737-4701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7737-4701","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-5700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183816158","display_name":"Zhaoqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/025n5kj18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chiang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7737-4701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001454796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183816158"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05196903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"552","last_page":"552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.7764000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.7764000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.15520000457763672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.03449999913573265,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inspection-policy","display_name":"inspection policy","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperfect-production-system","display_name":"imperfect production system","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-degradation","display_name":"stochastic deterioration","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hands-on-learning","display_name":"hands-on learning","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expected-total-cost","display_name":"expected total cost","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"convexity","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warranty","display_name":"warranty","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rework","display_name":"rework","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defect-rate","display_name":"defect rate","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-uncertainty","display_name":"demand uncertainty","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2147046","display_name":"Rework","level":2,"score":0.6966000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6373999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.49470001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329717","display_name":"Warranty","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173291955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732332","display_name":"Weibull distribution","level":2,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150325174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335500","display_name":"Optimal decision","level":3,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41054675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185547","display_name":"Binomial distribution","level":2,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776202965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333534","display_name":"Economic production quantity","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777909354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386523","display_name":"Production planning","level":3,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/math14030552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d6869768ed644ee881c6b82deee67d8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d6869768ed644ee881c6b82deee67d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics, Vol 14, Iss 3, p 552 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/math14030552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192031","display_name":"Mathematics","issn_l":"2227-7390","issn":["2227-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.68389493227005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972653826","https://openalex.org/W2053529772","https://openalex.org/W2057363213","https://openalex.org/W2083697589","https://openalex.org/W2701734855","https://openalex.org/W2789395454","https://openalex.org/W2793498253","https://openalex.org/W2800737149","https://openalex.org/W2920853940","https://openalex.org/W3048165116","https://openalex.org/W3092466439","https://openalex.org/W3104607828","https://openalex.org/W3107953118","https://openalex.org/W3108991083","https://openalex.org/W3121846840","https://openalex.org/W3160962659","https://openalex.org/W3182087639","https://openalex.org/W3210021422","https://openalex.org/W3215724702","https://openalex.org/W4308293106","https://openalex.org/W4312195733","https://openalex.org/W4313281510","https://openalex.org/W4313627269","https://openalex.org/W4379928534","https://openalex.org/W4391573311","https://openalex.org/W4398765810","https://openalex.org/W4409761795","https://openalex.org/W4409985574","https://openalex.org/W4417045449"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,145],"study":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,25,47,63],"mathematical":[4],"optimization":[5],"framework":[6],"to":[7,17,39,140,193],"determine":[8],"optimal":[9,154,176],"inspection":[10,49,60,75,142,177,185],"policies":[11],"for":[12],"imperfect":[13],"production":[14,78,91,202],"systems":[15],"subject":[16],"stochastic":[18],"deterioration.":[19],"System":[20],"degradation":[21],"is":[22,56,69,86,97,109,135],"modeled":[23],"using":[24,99],"Weibull":[26],"power":[27],"law":[28],"process,":[29],"which":[30],"captures":[31],"the":[32,124,130,141,148,153,162,175],"increasing":[33],"likelihood":[34],"of":[35,66,123,152,164],"transitions":[36],"from":[37],"in-control":[38],"out-of-control":[40],"states":[41],"over":[42],"time.":[43],"When":[44],"deterioration":[45],"occurs,":[46],"reverse-order":[48],"strategy":[50],"based":[51],"on":[52,174],"negative":[53],"binomial":[54],"sampling":[55],"employed,":[57],"wherein":[58],"an":[59,89],"continues":[61],"until":[62],"predefined":[64],"number":[65],"conforming":[67],"items":[68],"obtained.":[70],"The":[71,120,179],"proposed":[72],"model":[73,125],"integrates":[74],"decisions":[76],"with":[77,138],"learning":[79,167,187],"effects":[80,163],"and":[81,117,150,158,171,189,197],"Bayesian":[82,100],"demand":[83,95,172,190],"updating.":[84],"Learning-by-doing":[85],"incorporated":[87],"through":[88],"experience-dependent":[90],"cost":[92,107,133,195],"function,":[93],"while":[94],"uncertainty":[96,173],"addressed":[98],"posterior":[101],"estimation.":[102],"A":[103],"comprehensive":[104],"expected":[105,131],"total":[106,132],"function":[108,134],"formulated,":[110],"including":[111],"production,":[112],"inspection,":[113],"inventory":[114],"holding,":[115],"warranty,":[116],"rework":[118],"costs.":[119],"analytical":[121],"properties":[122],"are":[126],"examined,":[127],"demonstrating":[128],"that":[129,182],"strictly":[136],"convex":[137],"respect":[139],"decision":[143],"variable.":[144],"convexity":[146],"guarantees":[147],"existence":[149],"uniqueness":[151],"solution.":[155],"Numerical":[156],"experiments":[157],"sensitivity":[159],"analyses":[160],"illustrate":[161],"defect":[165],"rates,":[166],"parameters,":[168],"warranty":[169],"periods,":[170],"policy.":[178],"results":[180],"show":[181],"jointly":[183],"optimizing":[184],"intensity,":[186],"effects,":[188],"information":[191],"leads":[192],"significant":[194],"reductions":[196],"robust":[198],"decision-making":[199],"in":[200],"deteriorating":[201],"systems.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}