{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127429392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 .","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 .","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127429392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179983","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)","issn_l":"1687-2371","issn":["1687-2371","2735-3834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124953532","display_name":"\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0648\u062f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0648\u062f","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124953532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53454879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"94.","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11257","display_name":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","score":0.19519999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11042","display_name":"Corruption and Economic Development","score":0.14710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-governance","display_name":"financial governance","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-crossing","display_name":"border crossing","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-crime","display_name":"economic crime","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smuggling","display_name":"smuggling","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-evasion","display_name":"tax evasion","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corruption","display_name":"corruption","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-laundering","display_name":"money laundering","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-supervision","display_name":"administrative supervision","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-government","display_name":"e-government","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-framework","display_name":"regulatory framework","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.19869999587535858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.19499999284744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1906999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1860000044107437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16580000519752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.16410000622272491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.16120000183582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.15870000422000885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179983","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)","issn_l":"1687-2371","issn":["1687-2371","2735-3834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:185c2167649c46839a93fe87d18c5cc0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/185c2167649c46839a93fe87d18c5cc0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629, Vol 15, Iss 94., Pp 1-29 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjle.2025.482825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179983","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)","issn_l":"1687-2371","issn":["1687-2371","2735-3834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134134538","https://openalex.org/W7165548630","https://openalex.org/W7212733370","https://openalex.org/W6960200246","https://openalex.org/W2939386747","https://openalex.org/W4389431383","https://openalex.org/W7159658878","https://openalex.org/W7150980880","https://openalex.org/W7212163698","https://openalex.org/W3093280918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[2,42,84,103,145],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[3],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629":[4,23,46,127],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[5,24,128],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630":[6],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629":[7,78],"\u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627":[8],"\u0641\u064a":[9,29,43,47,51,65,129],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a":[10],"\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645":[11],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[12],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642":[13,90],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[14,85,91],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c":[15],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[16],"\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641":[17],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[18,104],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[19],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[20,41],"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642":[21,126],"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626":[22],"\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629":[25],"\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629":[27],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629":[28],"\u0639\u0645\u0644":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630":[31,49,77],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c":[32],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[33,124],"\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f":[34,120],"\u0645\u0646":[35,94,106,121,138],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629":[37],"\u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.":[39],"\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646":[40],"\u0623\u0646":[44,109,132],"\u0636\u0639\u0641":[45,133],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[48],"\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645":[50],"\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a":[52],"\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645":[53],"\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[54],"\u0645\u062b\u0644":[55],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628":[57],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f":[59,118],"\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0644":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.":[61],"\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631":[62],"\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[63],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627":[64],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c":[67],"\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641":[68],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642":[69],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c":[70],"\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628":[71],"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[72],"\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a":[73],"\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644":[74],"\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646":[75],"\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639":[76],"\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629":[79],"\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[80],"\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629.":[81],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[82],"\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a":[87],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[88],"\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b":[89],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639":[92],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c":[93],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[95],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[96],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631":[97,111],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c":[99],"\u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c":[101],"\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644":[102],"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[107],"\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627":[108],"\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f":[113],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629":[116],"\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a":[117],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a":[119],"\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644":[123],"\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u060c":[130,152],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629":[134],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[136],"\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645":[137],"\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629":[140],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627":[141],"\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643":[142],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c":[143],"\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649":[144],"\u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629":[146],"\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631":[147],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[148],"\u062e\u0627\u0635":[149],"\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645":[150],"\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629":[151],"\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644":[153],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629":[154],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c":[155],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632":[156],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629":[158],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T06:02:25.137627","created_date":"2026-02-04T00:00:00"}