{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127144875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","title":"Measuring Childhood Trauma among Adults in the Health and Retirement Study","display_name":"Measuring Childhood Trauma among Adults in the Health and Retirement Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127144875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/02/02/2026.01.27.26344534.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/02/02/2026.01.27.26344534.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076692679","display_name":"Adrienne R.S. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-6984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-6984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrienne R.S. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA (present address)","Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-6984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Disparities Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53792, USA (present address)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015450121","display_name":"David R. Strong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-9032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-9032"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Strong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5383-9032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076117962","display_name":"Gretchen Bandoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-8921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-8921","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7008-1285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gretchen E. Bandoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037010654","display_name":"Linda K. McEvoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4583-7798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4583-7798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150117356","display_name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0027frf26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150117356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda K. McEvoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150117356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135720787","display_name":"Scott C. Roesch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott C. Roesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016131858","display_name":"Eyal Oren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-3516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-3516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eyal Oren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076423165","display_name":"Andrea Z. LaCroix","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-976X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-976X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-2749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Z. LaCroix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076692679"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074","https://openalex.org/I26538001","https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-trauma","display_name":"childhood trauma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-adversity","display_name":"childhood adversity","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-death","display_name":"parental death","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sibling-death","display_name":"loss of a sibling","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parental-substance-abuse","display_name":"parental substance use","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-abuse","display_name":"physical abuse","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-and-retirement-study","display_name":"Health and Retirement Study","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychosocial-questionnaire","display_name":"psychosocial questionnaire","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mokken-scale-analysis","display_name":"Mokken scale analysis","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"scalability","score":0.3160000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150966472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410145","display_name":"Psychosocial","level":2,"score":0.6525999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116190364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167918","display_name":"Grandparent","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780176501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690755","display_name":"Health and Retirement Study","level":2,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776194465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31184","display_name":"Sibling","level":2,"score":0.45989999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777082460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3377398","display_name":"Early childhood","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908744105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105821669","display_name":"Adverse Childhood Experiences","level":3,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97928714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251376","display_name":"Protective factor","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198999979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159115","display_name":"Concurrent validity","level":4,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/02/02/2026.01.27.26344534.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.27.26344534","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/02/02/2026.01.27.26344534.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127144875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127144875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059696574","https://openalex.org/W2116839388","https://openalex.org/W2150170158","https://openalex.org/W2157815126","https://openalex.org/W2160254383","https://openalex.org/W2530561007","https://openalex.org/W2580388997","https://openalex.org/W2803206414","https://openalex.org/W2969651116","https://openalex.org/W2983439809","https://openalex.org/W3186244645","https://openalex.org/W4220954723","https://openalex.org/W4235473894","https://openalex.org/W4245198606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W199330365","https://openalex.org/W7037009252","https://openalex.org/W3113046391","https://openalex.org/W3007584410","https://openalex.org/W2942883233","https://openalex.org/W4408464314","https://openalex.org/W7220706304","https://openalex.org/W2772782743","https://openalex.org/W7215115905","https://openalex.org/W2898801811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Early":[2],"life":[3,21,71],"social":[4],"determinants":[5],"of":[6,128,136,213,250,306],"health,":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,241],"childhood":[10,29,130,157,179,300],"trauma,":[11],"have":[12,326],"implication":[13],"on":[14,203],"adverse":[15,248],"health":[16,144,330],"outcomes":[17,308],"later":[18,332],"in":[19,90,227,271,289,303,309,333],"the":[20,33,49,74,91,103,126,129,137,153,290,304,314],"course.":[22],"Our":[23],"objective":[24],"was":[25,140],"to":[26,69,124],"develop":[27],"a":[28,40,170,272],"trauma":[30,98,131,158,301],"measure":[31],"within":[32],"Health":[34],"and":[35,52,56,83,94,106,109,145,168,192,206,224,239,266,318,324],"Retirement":[36],"Study":[37],"(HRS)":[38],"\u2013":[39],"large,":[41],"diverse,":[42],"U.S.-based":[43],"aging":[44,307],"cohort.":[45],"Methods":[46],"Data":[47],"from":[48,235],"HRS":[50,291],"Psychosocial":[51],"Lifestyle":[53],"Questionnaire":[54],"[2006-2016]":[55],"Life":[57],"History":[58],"Survey":[59],"[2015-2017])":[60],"surveys":[61],"collected":[62],"thirteen":[63],"binary":[64],"items":[65,86,99,287],"measuring":[66,211,247],"self-reported":[67,97],"exposure":[68,85,302],"early":[70,285],"adversity":[72,286],"across":[73],"two":[75],"study":[76,104],"questionnaires.":[77],"Participants":[78],"who":[79],"completed":[80],"both":[81],"questionnaires":[82],"had":[84,169,216,255],"available":[87,160,288],"were":[88,122,163,181,200],"included":[89,225],"analyses.":[92],"Frequencies":[93],"percentages":[95],"for":[96,102,295,329],"are":[100],"presented":[101],"sample":[105,154],"by":[107,118],"gender":[108],"race/ethnicity.":[110],"Using":[111],"complete":[112,156],"cases,":[113],"exploratory":[114],"factor":[115,204],"analyses":[116,121],"followed":[117],"Mokken":[119],"scale":[120],"performed":[123],"evaluate":[125,299],"scalability":[127,207,218,257,277,323],"items.":[132],"Predictive":[133],"criterion":[134],"validity":[135],"final":[138],"domains":[139,294],"evaluated":[141],"with":[142,155,275],"general":[143],"socioeconomic":[146],"indicators":[147],"at":[148],"participant":[149],"baseline.":[150],"Results":[151],"Among":[152],"data":[159],"(n=9,340),":[161],"most":[162,177],"women":[164],"(60.7%),":[165],"White/Non-Hispanic":[166],"(73.2%),":[167],"high":[171],"school/general":[172],"education":[173],"degree":[174],"(54.0%).":[175],"The":[176,209,284],"reported":[178],"traumas":[180],"paternal":[182],"separation":[183],"\u22656-months":[184],"(22.8%),":[185],"parental":[186,194],"death":[187,190,254,320],"(21.4%),":[188],"sibling":[189,253],"(18.1%),":[191],"problematic":[193],"substance":[195,264],"use":[196],"(17.5%).":[197],"Two":[198],"scales":[199],"formed":[201],"based":[202],"analysis":[205],"coefficients.":[208],"domain":[210,246,274,317],"disruption":[212],"family":[214,315],"structure":[215,316],"strong":[217],"(":[219,258,278],"H":[220,259,279],"T":[221,260,280],"=":[222,261,281],"0.55)":[223],"living":[226],"an":[228],"orphanage,":[229],"foster":[230],"care,":[231],"parents":[232],"divorced/separated,":[233],"\u22656-month":[234],"mother":[236],"and/or":[237,252],"father,":[238],"grandparents":[240],"primary":[242],"caretakers.":[243],"A":[244],"second":[245],"experiences":[249],"parent":[251],"moderate":[256],"0.41).":[262],"Parental":[263],"abuse":[265,268],"physical":[267],"clustered":[269],"together":[270],"third":[273],"weak":[276],"0.39).":[282],"Conclusions":[283],"offer":[292],"meaningful":[293],"which":[296],"researchers":[297],"can":[298],"context":[305],"older":[310],"adults.":[311],"In":[312],"particular,":[313],"parental/sibling":[319],"demonstrated":[321],"moderate-to-strong":[322],"may":[325],"important":[327],"implications":[328],"trajectories":[331],"life.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}