{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127112945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","title":"Prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among diabetic patients attending a general hospital in Central Uganda","display_name":"Prevalence of microalbuminuria and associated factors among diabetic patients attending a general hospital in Central Uganda","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127112945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205162","display_name":"Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa","issn_l":"1608-9677","issn":["1608-9677","2220-1009"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","jpps-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124797460","display_name":"L Kemigisha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Kemigisha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092800790","display_name":"Charles Nkubi Bagenda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4235-1003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4235-1003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"CN Bagenda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124844085","display_name":"C Gumoshabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Gumoshabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124781399","display_name":"P Walusimbi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Walusimbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124751017","display_name":"A Deborah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Deborah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Uganda Institute of Allied Health and Management Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119329022","display_name":"Carol Nantongo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164031","display_name":"Joint Clinical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05gm41t98","country_code":"UG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164031"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Nantongo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Clinical Research Centre","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Clinical Research Centre","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093613986","display_name":"Hope Mudondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7273-4341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7273-4341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Mudondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021099174","display_name":"Elastus Ssemwanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7476-2700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7476-2700"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Ssemwanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mayanja Memorial Medical Training Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mayanja Memorial Medical Training Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068378026","display_name":"Ea Normann John","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28285804","display_name":"The University of Dodoma","ror":"https://ror.org/009n8zh45","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28285804"]}],"countries":["TZ","UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"EA John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology","University of Dodoma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dodoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28285804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119329023","display_name":"Michael Junior Mugisa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3947-3864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3947-3864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161311","display_name":"Soroti University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xkxz718","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161311"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MJ Mugisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology","Soroti University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soroti University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093017665","display_name":"Vicent Mwesigye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-2507","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-2507"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Mwesigye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124867899","display_name":"JA Wafwoyo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JA Wafwoyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082754542","display_name":"Lawrence Obado Osuwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3821-1527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3821-1527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161311","display_name":"Soroti University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xkxz718","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161311"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LO Osuwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soroti University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soroti University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047037104","display_name":"Benson Musinguzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-4617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1211-4617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132109944","display_name":"Muni University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wr6mz63","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132109944"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Musinguzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Muni University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Muni University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132109944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071931450","display_name":"Winnie Akiteng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-1376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0438-1376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132109944","display_name":"Muni University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wr6mz63","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132109944"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W Akiteng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Muni University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Muni University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132109944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032264516","display_name":"Simon Peter Rugera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-8751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-8751","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-194X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SP Rugera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070209942","display_name":"Deusdedit Tusubira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-424X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-424X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Tusubira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075629233","display_name":"Robert Wagubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-8191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-8191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3089299561","display_name":"Mbarara National Referral Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00f041n88","country_code":"UG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3089299561"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Wagubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital","Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3089299561"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092800790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04652302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"25","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalbuminuria","display_name":"microalbuminuria","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-glutamyl-transferase","display_name":"gamma-glutamyl transferase","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-coinfection","display_name":"HIV coinfection","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-uganda","display_name":"Central Uganda","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalized-patients","display_name":"hospitalized patients","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8689000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781203188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1676817","display_name":"Microalbuminuria","level":3,"score":0.79830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992019943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16917","display_name":"General hospital","level":2,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781318095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33127638","display_name":"General practice","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3598000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974792","display_name":"Albuminuria","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779922275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129105","display_name":"Diabetic nephropathy","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205162","display_name":"Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa","issn_l":"1608-9677","issn":["1608-9677","2220-1009"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","jpps-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16089677.2025.2603742?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205162","display_name":"Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa","issn_l":"1608-9677","issn":["1608-9677","2220-1009"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","jpps-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127112945.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127112945.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929620983","https://openalex.org/W1970735835","https://openalex.org/W2046007083","https://openalex.org/W2047989393","https://openalex.org/W2054548387","https://openalex.org/W2060967290","https://openalex.org/W2101055773","https://openalex.org/W2107412805","https://openalex.org/W2123965049","https://openalex.org/W2127199675","https://openalex.org/W2131365513","https://openalex.org/W2131703110","https://openalex.org/W2136106925","https://openalex.org/W2163023517","https://openalex.org/W2171129594","https://openalex.org/W2234466039","https://openalex.org/W2332587464","https://openalex.org/W2409248802","https://openalex.org/W2418354557","https://openalex.org/W2888886128","https://openalex.org/W2894901593","https://openalex.org/W2995814691","https://openalex.org/W3115788168","https://openalex.org/W3129954143","https://openalex.org/W3213836033","https://openalex.org/W4205343240","https://openalex.org/W4214588811","https://openalex.org/W4383877515","https://openalex.org/W4401461080","https://openalex.org/W4404431236","https://openalex.org/W7163864659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891151220","https://openalex.org/W2942491630","https://openalex.org/W293330672","https://openalex.org/W7046575123","https://openalex.org/W7220487383","https://openalex.org/W2995814691","https://openalex.org/W1539223313","https://openalex.org/W4214588811","https://openalex.org/W1517360200","https://openalex.org/W4382881472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Microalbuminuria":[1,104,224,231],"is":[2,225,232],"an":[3],"early":[4],"indicator":[5],"of":[6,13,35,94,111,165,265],"kidney":[7],"damage":[8],"and":[9,21,37,67,83,101,215,237,243,249,253],"a":[10,45,57,65],"strong":[11],"predictor":[12],"diabetic":[14,17,42,266],"nephropathy":[15],"in":[16,48,79,144,152,171,258],"patients.":[18],"Its":[19],"prevalence":[20,34],"associated":[22,39,121,196,233],"factors":[23,40,194],"vary":[24],"across":[25],"populations,":[26],"necessitating":[27],"region-specific":[28],"studies.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31,70],"evaluated":[32],"the":[33,172,263],"microalbuminuria":[36,173,198],"its":[38],"among":[41,71,227],"patients":[43,72,228],"attending":[44],"general":[46],"hospital":[47],"Central":[49,80],"Uganda.Methods:":[50],"From":[51],"September":[52],"2024":[53],"to":[54,62,119,261],"December":[55],"2024,":[56],"structured":[58],"questionnaire":[59],"was":[60,105,117],"used":[61,118],"carry":[63],"out":[64],"descriptive":[66],"analytical":[68],"cross-sectional":[69],"with":[73,146,154,180,182,197,229,234],"diabetes":[74],"at":[75],"Nakaseke":[76],"General":[77],"Hospital":[78],"Uganda.":[81],"Blood":[82],"urine":[84,108],"samples":[85],"from":[86],"each":[87],"participant":[88],"were":[89,135,141,168,199],"also":[90],"analysed":[91],"for":[92,192],"determination":[93],"HbA1c,":[95],"serum":[96],"gamma":[97],"glutamyl":[98],"transferase":[99],"(GGT),":[100],"microalbumin":[102,109],"respectively.":[103],"defined":[106],"as":[107,178],"levels":[110,140],"20\u2013200":[112],"mg/L.":[113],"Logistic":[114],"regression":[115],"analysis":[116],"assess":[120],"factors.Results:":[122],"Of":[123],"298":[124],"participants,":[125],"220":[126],"(73.8%,":[127],"95%":[128],"CI:":[129],"68.52\u201378.52)":[130],"had":[131],"microalbuminuria.":[132],"The":[133],"majority":[134],"females:":[136],"193":[137],"(64.8%).":[138],"GGT":[139],"significantly":[142,195],"higher":[143],"participants":[145],"microalbuminuria:":[147],"45.5IU/L":[148],"(IQR:":[149,157,176,185],"33.5\u201357)":[150],"than":[151],"those":[153,181],"normoalbuminuria:":[155,183],"39.5IU/L":[156],"29\u201350),":[158],"p":[159,187,205,212,221],"=":[160,188,203,206,210,213,219,222],"0.011.":[161],"HbA1c":[162,238],"levels,":[163,239],"indicative":[164],"glycaemic":[166,248],"control,":[167,252],"noticeably":[169],"greater":[170],"group:":[174],"8.2%":[175],"7.2\u20139.65)":[177],"compared":[179],"7.6%":[184],"6.9\u20139.1),":[186],"0.012.":[189],"After":[190],"adjustment":[191],"confounders,":[193],"HIV-positive":[200],"status":[201,217],"(aOR":[202,209,218],"3.20,":[204],"0.030),":[207],"hypertension":[208],"4.43,":[211],"0.011),":[214],"unemployment":[216],"2.32,":[220],"0.023).Conclusion:":[223],"prevalent":[226],"diabetes.":[230],"elevated":[235],"GGT,":[236],"HIV":[240],"positivity,":[241],"hypertension,":[242],"unemployment.":[244],"Screening,":[245],"more":[246],"stringent":[247],"blood":[250],"pressure":[251],"targeted":[254],"interventions":[255],"are":[256],"warranted":[257],"high-risk":[259],"groups":[260],"prevent":[262],"onset":[264],"nephropathy.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
