{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127096385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","title":"Evaluating the impact of family history and polygenic risk scores on cardiometabolic disease risk","display_name":"Evaluating the impact of family history and polygenic risk scores on cardiometabolic disease risk","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127096385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40766246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135560524","display_name":"BMC Medicine","issn_l":"1741-7015","issn":["1741-7015"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034157547","display_name":"Ebuka Onyenobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9982-5506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9982-5506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebuka Onyenobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137087145","display_name":"Knightess Oyibo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-5038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-5038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Knightess Oyibo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113412637","display_name":"Michael Zhong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124806988","display_name":"Sally N. Adebamowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-2433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-2433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4390039317","display_name":"University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vft3j45","country_code":null,"type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14285509","https://openalex.org/I4390039317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sally N. Adebamowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA. sadebamowo@som.umaryland.edu","University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA. sadebamowo@som.umaryland.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA. sadebamowo@som.umaryland.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA. sadebamowo@som.umaryland.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593","https://openalex.org/I4390039317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124806988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593","https://openalex.org/I4390039317"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"fwci":15.1866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98871722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13984","display_name":"Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history-medicine","display_name":"family history (medicine)","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"polygenic risk score","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-disease","display_name":"cardiometabolic disease","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-ancestry","display_name":"genetic ancestry","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-analysis","display_name":"mediation analysis","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-prevention","display_name":"personalized prevention","score":0.8059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9351000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993137441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28135712","display_name":"Polygenic risk score","level":5,"score":0.798799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857712","display_name":"Family history","level":2,"score":0.6708999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020404979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk stratification","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019719930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value","level":2,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909478654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","level":3,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991661194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Lifetime risk","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135560524","display_name":"BMC Medicine","issn_l":"1741-7015","issn":["1741-7015"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7142452/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7142452/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7142452/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:40766246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40766246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research square","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmid:41629984","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41629984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12324584","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12324584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Res Sq","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2840a59a38004b1c833eba3b4478ce73","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2840a59a38004b1c833eba3b4478ce73","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine, Vol 24, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12958630","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12958630/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-04666-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135560524","display_name":"BMC Medicine","issn_l":"1741-7015","issn":["1741-7015"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4469374418258667,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G828986395","display_name":"Using Machine Learning to Identify Small RNA (sRNA) Biomarkers and Classifiers for Cervical Precancer Triage","funder_award_id":"RSG-22-079-01-CSCT","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306095","funder_display_name":"American Cancer Society"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8714341559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R03HL172139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F1477363997","funder_display_name":"Maryland Department of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000333490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1U01HG011717","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F1477363997","display_name":"Maryland Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02e1t6r96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306095","display_name":"American Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/02e463172"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110489919","https://openalex.org/W1497026041","https://openalex.org/W1542772707","https://openalex.org/W1779612606","https://openalex.org/W1908991493","https://openalex.org/W1922272507","https://openalex.org/W1988636409","https://openalex.org/W1990700240","https://openalex.org/W2001820152","https://openalex.org/W2002788019","https://openalex.org/W2009467402","https://openalex.org/W2085632349","https://openalex.org/W2088712214","https://openalex.org/W2113952938","https://openalex.org/W2121134503","https://openalex.org/W2141642891","https://openalex.org/W2149952675","https://openalex.org/W2291743888","https://openalex.org/W2381489064","https://openalex.org/W2403217808","https://openalex.org/W2590415274","https://openalex.org/W2784045407","https://openalex.org/W2883363407","https://openalex.org/W2883432317","https://openalex.org/W2932671560","https://openalex.org/W2946245967","https://openalex.org/W2970478489","https://openalex.org/W2971576504","https://openalex.org/W2982752464","https://openalex.org/W3016561156","https://openalex.org/W3108139096","https://openalex.org/W3113178943","https://openalex.org/W3130996005","https://openalex.org/W3165488072","https://openalex.org/W4205170775","https://openalex.org/W4212853165","https://openalex.org/W4220737074","https://openalex.org/W4229035861","https://openalex.org/W4252813748","https://openalex.org/W4280545526","https://openalex.org/W4281666919","https://openalex.org/W4282936371","https://openalex.org/W4283020940","https://openalex.org/W4283712790","https://openalex.org/W4285098606","https://openalex.org/W4308435067","https://openalex.org/W4310938572","https://openalex.org/W4379141527","https://openalex.org/W4386136485","https://openalex.org/W4386190443","https://openalex.org/W4388569121","https://openalex.org/W4392015588","https://openalex.org/W4392716991","https://openalex.org/W4401154245","https://openalex.org/W4402813879","https://openalex.org/W4404019267","https://openalex.org/W4404439917","https://openalex.org/W4406934139","https://openalex.org/W4410919799"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Cardiometabolic":[1],"diseases":[2],"(CMD)":[3],"are":[4,22,310],"a":[5,261],"leading":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,24,45,63,71,122,146,186,272,296,300,336],"morbidity":[9],"and":[10,17,34,47,79,91,109,120,149,152,160,173,234,250,264,281,294,308,315,330,343],"mortality.":[11],"While":[12],"both":[13,337],"family":[14,110],"history":[15,111],"(FH)":[16],"polygenic":[18],"risk":[19,185,271,314,341],"scores":[20,112],"(PRS)":[21],"predictive":[23,326],"CMD":[25,56,155,313],"risk,":[26,222],"few":[27],"studies":[28],"have":[29,267],"systematically":[30],"evaluated":[31],"their":[32,52],"independent":[33],"joint":[35],"effects.":[36],"This":[37],"study":[38],"aimed":[39],"to":[40,143,276],"quantify":[41],"the":[42,69,118,134,157,190,203,240,297],"individual":[43],"contributions":[44],"FH":[46,80,102,179,263,280,307,329],"PRS,":[48],"as":[49,51],"well":[50],"combined":[53],"impact":[54],"on":[55],"risk.":[57,323],"METHODS:":[58],"We":[59,165],"conducted":[60,174],"an":[61,282],"analysis":[62,286],"more":[64],"than":[65,269],"120,000":[66],"adults":[67],"from":[68,98,105,133],"All":[70],"Us":[72],"Research":[73],"Program":[74],"with":[75,154,183,189,206,219,260,278,312],"available":[76],"genotypic,":[77],"phenotypic,":[78],"data.":[81],"CMDs":[82,274],"including":[83],"type":[84],"2":[85],"diabetes":[86],"(T2D),":[87],"obesity,":[88],"hypertension":[89],"(HTN),":[90],"coronary":[92],"artery":[93],"disease":[94,221,322],"(CAD)":[95],"were":[96,114,126,216,237],"ascertained":[97],"electronic":[99],"health":[100],"records.":[101],"was":[103,141,180,252],"derived":[104],"self-reported":[106],"survey":[107],"responses,":[108],"(FHS)":[113],"constructed":[115],"by":[116,162],"weighting":[117],"number":[119],"degree":[121],"affected":[123],"relatives.":[124],"PRSs":[125],"computed":[127],"using":[128],"validated":[129],"multi-ancestry":[130],"PRS":[131,150,171,214,235,251,266,289,309,324],"weights":[132],"PGS":[135],"catalog.":[136],"Cox":[137],"proportional":[138],"hazard":[139],"regression":[140],"used":[142],"assess":[144],"associations":[145,236],"FH,":[147],"FHS,":[148],"independently":[151],"jointly":[153],"in":[156,239],"overall":[158],"cohort":[159],"stratified":[161],"genetic":[163],"ancestry.":[164],"also":[166,217],"tested":[167],"for":[168,194,225,254,291],"FHS":[169,201,233,249,301],"\u00d7":[170],"interactions":[172],"mediation":[175],"analysis.":[176],"RESULTS:":[177],"Positive":[178],"significantly":[181],"associated":[182,218,311],"increased":[184],"all":[187,303],"CMDs,":[188],"strongest":[191,204],"effect":[192,299],"observed":[193,253],"obesity":[195,255],"(HR":[196,208,227],"2.07,":[197],"95%":[198,210,229],"CI:":[199,211,230],"2.02-2.12).":[200],"showed":[202],"association":[205],"T2D":[207,226],"1.34,":[209],"1.32-1.37).":[212],"Higher":[213],"values":[215],"elevated":[220],"most":[223],"strongly":[224],"2.13,":[228],"2.07":[231],"-2.18).":[232],"attenuated":[238],"African":[241],"ancestry":[242],"population.":[243],"A":[244],"statistically":[245],"significant":[246],"interaction":[247],"between":[248,292],"(p":[256],"<":[257],"0.001).":[258],"Individuals":[259],"positive":[262],"high":[265],"greater":[268],"2.5-fold":[270],"developing":[273],"compared":[275],"those":[277],"negative":[279],"intermediate":[283],"PRS.":[284],"Mediation":[285],"indicated":[287],"that":[288],"accounted":[290],"13":[293],"16%":[295],"total":[298],"across":[302],"traits.":[304],"CONCLUSIONS:":[305],"Both":[306],"provide":[316],"complementary":[317],"but":[318],"distinct":[319],"insights":[320],"into":[321],"adds":[325],"value":[327],"beyond":[328],"partially":[331],"mediates":[332],"its":[333],"effect.":[334],"Integration":[335],"measures":[338],"may":[339],"enhance":[340],"stratification":[342],"guide":[344],"precision":[345],"prevention":[346],"strategies.":[347]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}