{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127096136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","title":"In-situ tar reduction and catalytic reforming in sewage sludge gasification using steel slag oxygen carrier","display_name":"In-situ tar reduction and catalytic reforming in sewage sludge gasification using steel slag oxygen carrier","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127096136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41638586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21442059","display_name":"Bioresource Technology","issn_l":"0960-8524","issn":["0960-8524","1873-2976"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029310130","display_name":"Quxiu Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1518-6766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1518-6766","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-3710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quxiu Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058252664","display_name":"Qianrong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115580424","display_name":"Nanqi Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7268-1361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7268-1361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanqi Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiawei Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134393","display_name":"China National Chemical Engineering (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pwn6a43","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134393"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 13th Construction Co., Ltd of China National Chemical Engineering Group Co, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 13th Construction Co., Ltd of China National Chemical Engineering Group Co, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113823758","display_name":"Qihong Cen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihong Cen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122897597","display_name":"Wang Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108745404","display_name":"Longgui Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3475-6721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3475-6721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Longgui Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China. Electronic address: lgxie88@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China. Electronic address: lgxie88@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083020988","display_name":"Liping Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-4454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-4454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liping Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China. Electronic address: 11304039@kust.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China. Electronic address: 11304039@kust.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687897","display_name":"Ping Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-7299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-7299","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-2482","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-6202","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-7670","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-2883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122898390","display_name":"Binbin He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binbin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China. Electronic address: 346462065@qq.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China. Electronic address: 346462065@qq.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083020988","https://openalex.org/A5108745404","https://openalex.org/A5122898390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"apc_paid":{"value":4880,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4880},"fwci":5.1593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94302865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"445","issue":null,"first_page":"134150","last_page":"134150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11802","display_name":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10284","display_name":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewage-sludge-gasification","display_name":"sewage sludge gasification","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tar-removal","display_name":"tar removal","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feo","display_name":"FeO","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalytic-reforming","display_name":"catalytic reforming","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syngas-production","display_name":"syngas production","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-oxygen-migration","display_name":"lattice oxygen migration","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redox-pathways","display_name":"redox pathways","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-quenching","display_name":"fluorescence quenching","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliphatic-compounds","display_name":"aliphatic compounds","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194439259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3273339","display_name":"Syngas","level":3,"score":0.8120999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192643346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283579","display_name":"tar (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7394000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780859252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888968","display_name":"Sewage sludge","level":3,"score":0.6381000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5867999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110686534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451467","display_name":"Partial oxidation","level":3,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159048435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105783","display_name":"Slag (welding)","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158089330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2985117","display_name":"Chemical looping combustion","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3044715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3952437","display_name":"Bond cleavage","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010084","descriptor_name":"Oxidation-Reduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010100","descriptor_name":"Oxygen","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013232","descriptor_name":"Steel","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013232","descriptor_name":"Steel","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013232","descriptor_name":"Steel","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013232","descriptor_name":"Steel","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013232","descriptor_name":"Steel","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013638","descriptor_name":"Tars","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013638","descriptor_name":"Tars","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013638","descriptor_name":"Tars","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013638","descriptor_name":"Tars","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013638","descriptor_name":"Tars","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21442059","display_name":"Bioresource Technology","issn_l":"0960-8524","issn":["0960-8524","1873-2976"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41638586","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41638586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource technology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21442059","display_name":"Bioresource Technology","issn_l":"0960-8524","issn":["0960-8524","1873-2976"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioresource Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8344914317131042}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1065186541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202401AT070400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323193","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4054660237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202505AT350002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336602","funder_display_name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4738840132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22406077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323193","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336602","display_name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1833503024","https://openalex.org/W1970275729","https://openalex.org/W1996990981","https://openalex.org/W2027633374","https://openalex.org/W2292486872","https://openalex.org/W2520811531","https://openalex.org/W2922639077","https://openalex.org/W2935408593","https://openalex.org/W2973559360","https://openalex.org/W2981214769","https://openalex.org/W3006398637","https://openalex.org/W3016269017","https://openalex.org/W3017046614","https://openalex.org/W3021421963","https://openalex.org/W3113063288","https://openalex.org/W3113870618","https://openalex.org/W3129219212","https://openalex.org/W3161059244","https://openalex.org/W3184586205","https://openalex.org/W3207090334","https://openalex.org/W4286256621","https://openalex.org/W4303645117","https://openalex.org/W4304785367","https://openalex.org/W4307154565","https://openalex.org/W4311257220","https://openalex.org/W4312203671","https://openalex.org/W4379746196","https://openalex.org/W4385596279","https://openalex.org/W4385918169","https://openalex.org/W4391599961","https://openalex.org/W4398794824","https://openalex.org/W4400575116","https://openalex.org/W4407766585","https://openalex.org/W4410264219","https://openalex.org/W4411987462","https://openalex.org/W4413849081","https://openalex.org/W4416303166","https://openalex.org/W7123340480"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tar":[0],"formation":[1,134],"during":[2],"sewage":[3],"sludge":[4,31,152],"gasification":[5],"severely":[6],"reduces":[7],"process":[8],"efficiency":[9],"and":[10,13,33,56,77,84,92,104,117,127,135,148],"causes":[11],"operational":[12],"environmental":[14],"problems.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"work,":[18],"FeO-rich":[19],"steel":[20],"slag":[21],"was":[22,41],"employed":[23],"as":[24],"a":[25],"low-cost":[26],"oxygen":[27],"carrier":[28],"to":[29,72],"assist":[30],"gasification,":[32],"the":[34,47],"transformation":[35],"behaviour":[36],"of":[37],"major":[38],"tar":[39,49,133,146],"compounds":[40],"systematically":[42],"investigated.":[43],"Under":[44],"optimal":[45],"conditions,":[46],"total":[48],"yield":[50],"decreased":[51],"by":[52,97,101],"over":[53],"70":[54],"%,":[55,99],"syngas":[57,149],"production":[58],"reached":[59],"about":[60],"3.5":[61],"m":[62],"3":[63],"/kg":[64],"with":[65],"an":[66],"H":[67],"2":[68],"/CO":[69],"ratio":[70],"close":[71],"1:1.":[73],"Besides,":[74],"sludge-derived":[75],"aliphatics":[76],"oxygenated":[78],"organics":[79],"preferentially":[80],"evolved":[81],"into":[82],"phenolic":[83],"N":[85,121],"-containing":[86],"tars,":[87],"whose":[88],"polar":[89],"functional":[90],"groups":[91],"conjugated":[93],"structures":[94],"were":[95],"removed":[96],">80":[98],"accompanied":[100],"fluorescence":[102],"quenching":[103],"blue-shift.":[105],"Theoretical":[106],"calculation":[107],"revealed":[108],"that":[109],"FeO":[110],"promotes":[111],"adsorption":[112],"(\u22121.2":[113],"to-":[114],"2.4":[115],"eV)":[116],"C":[118],"C/C":[119],"H/C":[120],"bond":[122],"cleavage":[123],"via":[124],"lattice-oxygen":[125],"migration":[126],"redox":[128],"pathways,":[129],"thereby":[130],"suppressing":[131],"heavy":[132],"enhancing":[136],"gas":[137],"yield.":[138],"These":[139],"findings":[140],"provide":[141],"molecular-level":[142],"guidance":[143],"for":[144],"in-situ":[145],"control":[147],"upgrading":[150],"in":[151],"gasification.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}