{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127080027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","title":"Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) as a source of alkaloids: A review","display_name":"Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) as a source of alkaloids: A review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127080027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","pdf_url":"https://journal.alsalam.edu.iq/index.php/ajbms/article/download/704/214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390648524","display_name":"Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science","issn_l":"2959-5398","issn":["2959-5398","2958-0870"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3040621137","host_organization_name":"Alsalam University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7127080027"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.alsalam.edu.iq/index.php/ajbms/article/download/704/214","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119973216","display_name":"Duaa Abbas Zughair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5190-7581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5190-7581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duaa Abbas Zughair","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119973216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14194","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds in Plants","score":0.38280001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14194","display_name":"Bioactive Compounds in Plants","score":0.38280001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11613","display_name":"Phytochemistry and Biological Activities","score":0.26980000734329224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12497","display_name":"Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweet-orange","display_name":"Citrus sinensis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaloids","display_name":"alkaloids","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-metabolites","display_name":"secondary metabolites","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaloid-biosynthesis","display_name":"alkaloid biosynthesis","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaloid-extraction","display_name":"alkaloid extraction","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacological-activity","display_name":"pharmacological activity","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-activity","display_name":"anticancer activity","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardioprotection","display_name":"cardioprotection","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780047746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407411","display_name":"Phenethylamine","level":2,"score":0.6855999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83082669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39338","display_name":"Orange (colour)","level":2,"score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017491081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81513","display_name":"Citrus fruit","level":2,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146030","display_name":"Rutaceae","level":2,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994380890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11173","display_name":"Chemical constituents","level":2,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4173974","display_name":"Flavor","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018122547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690813","display_name":"Health benefits","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70702","display_name":"Alkaloid","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778722857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355098","display_name":"Citrus \u00d7 sinensis","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188840","display_name":"Medicinal plants","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","pdf_url":"https://journal.alsalam.edu.iq/index.php/ajbms/article/download/704/214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390648524","display_name":"Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science","issn_l":"2959-5398","issn":["2959-5398","2958-0870"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3040621137","host_organization_name":"Alsalam University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:51353e34ef1f4d6987acdfd7f9bd1d6a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/51353e34ef1f4d6987acdfd7f9bd1d6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Al-SalamJournal for Medical Science, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55145/ajbms.2026.05.01.008","pdf_url":"https://journal.alsalam.edu.iq/index.php/ajbms/article/download/704/214","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390648524","display_name":"Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science","issn_l":"2959-5398","issn":["2959-5398","2958-0870"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I3040621137","host_organization_name":"Alsalam University College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Salam Journal for Medical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127080027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127080027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2709096335","https://openalex.org/W3196824193","https://openalex.org/W2912152243","https://openalex.org/W7136042214","https://openalex.org/W4253341189","https://openalex.org/W7197018858","https://openalex.org/W7160887258","https://openalex.org/W2213605612","https://openalex.org/W4312951813","https://openalex.org/W4388185267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"review":[2,162],"their":[3,172],"alkaloids":[4,139,153,166],"in":[5,35,96,127,168],"sweet":[6,170],"orange":[7],"are":[8,12,20,61,77,84,151],"discussed":[9],"since":[10],"ialkaloids":[11],"a":[13,87,136],"large":[14],"iclass":[15],"of":[16,31,40,89,102,124,138,147],"chemical":[17,33,173],"compoundsi":[18],"that":[19,67],"iderived":[21],"from":[22,81],"secondary":[23,125],"metabolism":[24],"and":[25,83,93,121,140,159,178],"have":[26,68],"the":[27,36,38,46,97,116,141,148,165,169],"most":[28,73,142],"significant":[29],"attribute":[30],"any":[32],"compound":[34],"world:":[37],"presencei":[39],"basicinitrogen":[41],"atoms":[42],"atiany":[43],"point":[44],"on":[45,164],"moleculei.":[47],"Citrus":[48,130],"sinensisi(orange)":[49],"is":[50,56],"commonly":[51],"grownifor":[52],"its":[53],"fruit,":[54],"which":[55,76],"both":[57],"nutritious":[58],"andimedicinal.":[59],"Plants":[60],"responsible":[62],"for":[63],"producing":[64],"numerous":[65],"metabolites":[66,126],"different":[69],"physiological":[70],"properties.":[71],"The":[72,100],"researchedimetabolites":[74],"areiphytochemicals,":[75],"primarily":[78],"secondaryimetabolites":[79],"generated":[80],"plants":[82],"characterized":[85],"by":[86],"variety":[88],"structures,":[90],"quantities,":[91],"locations":[92],"activities,":[94,177],"even":[95],"same":[98],"species.":[99],"consumption":[101],"citrus":[103,128],"fruit":[104],"has":[105],"been":[106],"demonstrated":[107],"to":[108,111,115],"be":[109,133],"beneficial":[110],"human":[112],"health":[113],"due":[114],"antioxidanti,":[117],"ianti-inflammatory,icancer-fighting,":[118],"protective":[119],"cardiovascular":[120],"neurological":[122],"properties":[123],"fruit.":[129],"fruits":[131,150],"can":[132],"considered":[134],"as":[135],"source":[137],"important":[143],"biologically":[144],"active":[145],"constituents":[146],"C.sinensis":[149],"phenethylamine":[152],"(i.e.":[154],"ioctopamine,":[155],"isynephrine,":[156],"ityramine,":[157],"iN-methyltyramine":[158],"ihordenine).":[160],"This":[161],"focuses":[163],"present":[167],"orange,":[171],"structure,":[174],"biosynthesis,":[175],"pharmacological":[176],"extraction":[179],"methods.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}