{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127075767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","title":"Effect of 3-D printing on mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) based algal biopolymer composites","display_name":"Effect of 3-D printing on mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) based algal biopolymer composites","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127075767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103518591","display_name":"Journal of Polymer Research","issn_l":"1022-9760","issn":["1022-9760","1572-8935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Polymer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8651682/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135943743","display_name":"Pranav Krishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-2521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-2521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA","Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011954472","display_name":"Manojit Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-5433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-5433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193073490","display_name":"Siksha O Anusandhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ep7w45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manojit Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","Department of Mechanical Engineering, ITER, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-5433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, ITER, Siksha \u2018O\u2019 Anusandhan (Deemed to Be) University, Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054362143","display_name":"Rushikesh Suresh Ambekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-7100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-7100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rushikesh S. Ambekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010994826","display_name":"Himanshu Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-9190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-9190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162439","display_name":"MIT Art, Design and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b69xa56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162439"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, , MIT Art, Design & Technology University, Pune, India","Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, , MIT Art, Design & Technology University, Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162439"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049522035","display_name":"\u015eehmus \u00d6zden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-1633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-1633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62856769","display_name":"Saudi Aramco (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035n7q728","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841","https://openalex.org/I62856769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sehmus Ozden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aramco Americas, Aramco Research Center-Houston, Houston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aramco Americas, Aramco Research Center-Houston, Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62856769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127327103","display_name":"Chandra Sekhar Tiwary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-9768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-9768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandra Sekhar Tiwary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011954472","https://openalex.org/A5127327103"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827","https://openalex.org/I193073490"],"apc_list":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03963469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10488","display_name":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","score":0.42329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10488","display_name":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","score":0.42329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.24740000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.19679999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinyl-alcohol","display_name":"polyvinyl alcohol","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorella-salina","display_name":"Chlorella salina","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae","display_name":"microalgae","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopolymer-composites","display_name":"biopolymer composites","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-ink-writing","display_name":"direct ink writing","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradable-films","display_name":"biodegradable films","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-dispersion","display_name":"particle dispersion","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-packaging-materials","display_name":"sustainable packaging materials","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-based-reinforcement","display_name":"bio-based reinforcement","score":0.4749999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.6783000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422649","display_name":"Biopolymer","level":3,"score":0.6383000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.46560001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781144631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133017","display_name":"Chlorella","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988076202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240553","display_name":"Mechanical strength","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200070095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297687","display_name":"Structural material","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778958987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143","display_name":"Extrusion","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97103648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738101","display_name":"Plastics extrusion","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143517461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571","display_name":"Renewable resource","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200329591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686333","display_name":"Advanced composite materials","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-026-05112-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103518591","display_name":"Journal of Polymer Research","issn_l":"1022-9760","issn":["1022-9760","1572-8935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Polymer Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651682/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651682/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651682/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8651682/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651682/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651682/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8651682/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8651682/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4088324010372162,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127075767.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127075767.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986491496","https://openalex.org/W2003757445","https://openalex.org/W2009650864","https://openalex.org/W2014219717","https://openalex.org/W2050280377","https://openalex.org/W2054089832","https://openalex.org/W2063695859","https://openalex.org/W2095804901","https://openalex.org/W2143765114","https://openalex.org/W2514320829","https://openalex.org/W2737217596","https://openalex.org/W2741181432","https://openalex.org/W2789835874","https://openalex.org/W2793435880","https://openalex.org/W2906869220","https://openalex.org/W2916277473","https://openalex.org/W2941990803","https://openalex.org/W2944341485","https://openalex.org/W2966507369","https://openalex.org/W3031450217","https://openalex.org/W3045141074","https://openalex.org/W3048098608","https://openalex.org/W3093285396","https://openalex.org/W3157969083","https://openalex.org/W4200043500","https://openalex.org/W4220813815","https://openalex.org/W4353034887","https://openalex.org/W4380885256","https://openalex.org/W4381618717","https://openalex.org/W4390242817","https://openalex.org/W4403966208"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
