{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127065393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005057","title":"Improvement and optimization of AZO/Ag/Ni/AZO multilayer transparent conductive films","display_name":"Improvement and optimization of AZO/Ag/Ni/AZO multilayer transparent conductive films","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127065393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1116/6.0005057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235835","display_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Nanotechnology and Microelectronics Materials Processing Measurement and Phenomena","issn_l":"2166-2746","issn":["2166-2746","2166-2754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7127065393"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124759235","display_name":"Nene Yoshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3809-4481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3809-4481"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132370","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xm6sp43","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nene Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Mechanical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 1 , Kirishima 899-5193,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3809-4481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mechanical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 1 , Kirishima 899-5193,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124761954","display_name":"Hoshina Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7898-6417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7898-6417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132370","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xm6sp43","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoshina Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Mechanical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 1 , Kirishima 899-5193,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7898-6417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mechanical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 1 , Kirishima 899-5193,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112804890","display_name":"Yukio Yoshimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0405-6739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0405-6739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255172","display_name":"Kagoshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pk1bn41","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255172"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukio Yoshimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kagoshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology 2 , Kirishima 899-5105,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0405-6739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kagoshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology 2 , Kirishima 899-5105,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124817131","display_name":"Yuki Imamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1501-5835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1501-5835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132370","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xm6sp43","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Imamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 3 , Kirishima 899-5193,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1501-5835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 3 , Kirishima 899-5193,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083104021","display_name":"Atsushi Nitta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-2382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-2382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132370","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xm6sp43","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Nitta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 3 , Kirishima 899-5193,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-2382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College 3 , Kirishima 899-5193,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11523","display_name":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparent-conducting-oxides","display_name":"transparent conducting oxides","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-interlayer","display_name":"nickel interlayer","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-oxidation","display_name":"silver oxidation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zno-thin-films","display_name":"ZnO thin films","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deposition-rate","display_name":"deposition rate","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity","display_name":"electrical resistivity","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-transmittance","display_name":"optical transmittance","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-permeability","display_name":"oxygen permeability","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallinity","display_name":"crystallinity","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparent-antenna","display_name":"transparent antenna","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32737372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417718","display_name":"Indium tin oxide","level":3,"score":0.660099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150493377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427863","display_name":"Transmittance","level":2,"score":0.6444000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17470697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2449552","display_name":"Transparent conducting film","level":3,"score":0.6001999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543292547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094","display_name":"Indium","level":2,"score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25442681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28087","display_name":"Auger electron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778836790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275435","display_name":"Diffusion barrier","level":3,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69544855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757625","display_name":"Atomic layer deposition","level":3,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1116/6.0005057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0005057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235835","display_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Nanotechnology and Microelectronics Materials Processing Measurement and Phenomena","issn_l":"2166-2746","issn":["2166-2746","2166-2754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology B","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1940762675","https://openalex.org/W1963916982","https://openalex.org/W1964269199","https://openalex.org/W1979299732","https://openalex.org/W1985282935","https://openalex.org/W1992052233","https://openalex.org/W2011624537","https://openalex.org/W2019994417","https://openalex.org/W2026263338","https://openalex.org/W2028575995","https://openalex.org/W2034513966","https://openalex.org/W2068067576","https://openalex.org/W2075157799","https://openalex.org/W2075354658","https://openalex.org/W2079557771","https://openalex.org/W2109438072","https://openalex.org/W2111826330","https://openalex.org/W2124094313","https://openalex.org/W2146915381","https://openalex.org/W2295521579","https://openalex.org/W2520347798","https://openalex.org/W2739901508","https://openalex.org/W2751330381","https://openalex.org/W2772811572","https://openalex.org/W2888838940","https://openalex.org/W2972899445","https://openalex.org/W3006128376","https://openalex.org/W3013602875","https://openalex.org/W3094428233","https://openalex.org/W3096710967","https://openalex.org/W3133814117","https://openalex.org/W3137106193","https://openalex.org/W4320494839","https://openalex.org/W4322505284","https://openalex.org/W4327750048","https://openalex.org/W4362471400","https://openalex.org/W4387491184","https://openalex.org/W4388914155","https://openalex.org/W4391030003","https://openalex.org/W4391054045","https://openalex.org/W4410291632","https://openalex.org/W4411458201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006128376","https://openalex.org/W4411031756","https://openalex.org/W592952302","https://openalex.org/W2956210246","https://openalex.org/W4388914155","https://openalex.org/W2063541438","https://openalex.org/W4322775819","https://openalex.org/W4405322126","https://openalex.org/W2783121488","https://openalex.org/W7204911529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transparent":[0],"conductive":[1],"oxide":[2,18],"(TCO)":[3],"thin":[4],"films":[5],"are":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,175,212,220],"displays,":[10],"photovoltaic":[11],"devices,":[12],"and":[13,27,41,70,82,93,101,116,124,143,149,162,172,182,195,207],"transparent":[14,225],"antennas.":[15,226],"Indium":[16],"tin":[17],"(ITO),":[19],"with":[20],"a":[21,28,59,105],"resistivity":[22,92,115,213],"below":[23],"10\u22125":[24,98,121],"\u03a9":[25,99,122],"cm":[26,100,123],"transmittance":[29,94,117],"above":[30],"90%,":[31],"remains":[32],"the":[33,37,64,79,136,141,160,170,176,180,184,192],"preferred":[34],"material.":[35],"However,":[36],"scarcity":[38],"of":[39,45,74,95,118,145,164],"indium":[40],"limited":[42],"mechanical":[43],"flexibility":[44],"ITO":[46],"necessitate":[47],"alternative":[48],"TCOs.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"study,":[52],"AZO/Ag/Ni/AZO":[53],"multilayers":[54,219],"were":[55,85],"fabricated":[56],"by":[57,67],"introducing":[58],"Ni":[60,75,108,137,156,177,193],"interlayer":[61,138],"to":[62,216],"mitigate":[63],"degradation":[65],"caused":[66],"Ag":[68,205],"diffusion":[69,142],"oxidation.":[71],"The":[72],"effects":[73],"deposition":[76,157,168,196],"parameters":[77],"on":[78],"electrical,":[80],"optical,":[81],"structural":[83],"properties":[84],"systematically":[86],"examined.":[87],"Conventional":[88],"AZO/Ag/AZO":[89],"structures":[90],"exhibited":[91],"12.15":[96],"\u00d7":[97,120],"90.1%,":[102],"respectively,":[103,126],"whereas":[104],"2":[106],"nm":[107],"layer":[109],"deposited":[110],"at":[111],"0.08":[112],"nm/s":[113],"yielded":[114],"3.03":[119],"74.7%,":[125],"thereby":[127],"demonstrating":[128],"superior":[129],"performance.":[130],"Auger":[131],"electron":[132],"spectroscopy":[133],"confirmed":[134],"that":[135,155,190],"effectively":[139],"suppressed":[140],"oxidation":[144,206],"Ag.":[146],"X-ray":[147],"diffraction":[148],"atomic":[150],"force":[151],"microscopy":[152],"further":[153,210],"revealed":[154],"strongly":[158],"influenced":[159],"crystallinity":[161],"morphology":[163],"ZnO.":[165],"Notably,":[166],"slow":[167],"promoted":[169],"defects":[171],"nanoscale":[173],"voids":[174],"layer,":[178],"reducing":[179],"density":[181],"increasing":[183],"oxygen":[185],"permeability.":[186],"These":[187],"results":[188],"indicate":[189],"optimizing":[191],"thickness":[194],"rate":[197],"is":[198,214],"essential":[199],"for":[200],"enhancing":[201],"barrier":[202],"performance":[203],"against":[204],"diffusion.":[208],"Moreover,":[209],"reduction":[211],"required":[215],"utilize":[217],"these":[218],"advanced":[221],"applications,":[222],"such":[223],"as":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
