{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127064040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","title":"The effectiveness of mobile\u2014AI applications in enhancing English reading skills: an experimental study among Jordanian primary school students","display_name":"The effectiveness of mobile\u2014AI applications in enhancing English reading skills: an experimental study among Jordanian primary school students","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127064040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064132811","display_name":"Sabah Jamil Al\u2013Nawaiseh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1222","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1222"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100974","display_name":"Middle East University","ror":"https://ror.org/01csc7562","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91633459","display_name":"Middle East University","ror":"https://ror.org/059bgad73","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91633459"]}],"countries":["JO","LB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabah Jamil Al-Nawaiseh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Arts and Educational Sciences, Middle East University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Arts and Educational Sciences, Middle East University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100974","https://openalex.org/I91633459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064132811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100974","https://openalex.org/I91633459"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":21.7521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99141648,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.4336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.4336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.36959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.12349999696016312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-assisted-learning","display_name":"mobile-assisted learning","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-applications","display_name":"artificial intelligence applications","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-reading-skills","display_name":"English reading skills","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-instruction","display_name":"reading instruction","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fifth-grade-students","display_name":"fifth grade students","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-language-learning","display_name":"AI-assisted language learning","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"educational technology","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993756790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading aloud","level":3,"score":0.8043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.7692000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.692300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993951753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Read aloud","level":3,"score":0.5817999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78821406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391810","display_name":"Think aloud protocol","level":3,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778498041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915466","display_name":"Academic year","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5668585","display_name":"Note-taking","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:249f319c63e94376a171e0884d32585c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/249f319c63e94376a171e0884d32585c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education, Vol 10 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1718822/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127064040.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127064040.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970368201","https://openalex.org/W1977555200","https://openalex.org/W2031911910","https://openalex.org/W2045765054","https://openalex.org/W2081331645","https://openalex.org/W2112779093","https://openalex.org/W2134971144","https://openalex.org/W2805457431","https://openalex.org/W2940913117","https://openalex.org/W2966192018","https://openalex.org/W3017131514","https://openalex.org/W3039143701","https://openalex.org/W3090363550","https://openalex.org/W3105681612","https://openalex.org/W3119456399","https://openalex.org/W3160941578","https://openalex.org/W3161130779","https://openalex.org/W4295064729","https://openalex.org/W4308465288","https://openalex.org/W4313647608","https://openalex.org/W4315646485","https://openalex.org/W4317488881","https://openalex.org/W4319459780","https://openalex.org/W4323319554","https://openalex.org/W4361297540","https://openalex.org/W4390515793","https://openalex.org/W4391584729","https://openalex.org/W4391858485","https://openalex.org/W4393168622","https://openalex.org/W4399359645","https://openalex.org/W4404340357","https://openalex.org/W4404931457","https://openalex.org/W4405372456","https://openalex.org/W4406184381","https://openalex.org/W4407741380","https://openalex.org/W4409246961","https://openalex.org/W4409544354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155783645","https://openalex.org/W7122725581","https://openalex.org/W7117675418","https://openalex.org/W4405322901","https://openalex.org/W7203754798","https://openalex.org/W4405151998","https://openalex.org/W7167912524","https://openalex.org/W7117590873","https://openalex.org/W6943100974","https://openalex.org/W4417234693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,30,115,128,136,175],"study":[1,116,129,176],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,13,91,103,107,124,143,147,166,223],"effect":[4],"of":[5,15,33,49,64,132,168,225],"using":[6,38,70],"mobile-based":[7],"Artificial":[8],"Intelligence":[9],"(AI)":[10],"applications":[11,170,188,216],"on":[12,76,231],"development":[14],"English":[16],"reading":[17,173,219],"skills":[18,220],"among":[19],"primary":[20],"students":[21,36,51,66,85],"in":[22,171],"Jordan.":[23],"researcher":[25],"employed":[26],"a":[27,56,61],"quasi-experimental":[28],"design.":[29],"sample":[31],"consisted":[32,131],"60":[34],"fifth-grade":[35],"selected":[37],"purposive":[39],"sampling":[40],"and":[41,60,81,191,209,221,228],"assigned":[42],"to":[43,87,90,101,106,165,183,205],"two":[44,144],"group:":[45],"an":[46,133],"experimental":[47,148],"group":[48,63,149],"30":[50,65],"who":[52,67,93,109],"received":[53],"instruction":[54,74],"through":[55],"mobile":[57],"AI-":[58],"application":[59],"control":[62],"were":[68,98],"taught":[69],"traditional":[71],"methods.":[72],"Traditional":[73],"relied":[75],"teacher":[77,226],"explanation,":[78],"textbook-based":[79],"activities,":[80],"conventional":[82],"drills,":[83],"with":[84,186,201],"required":[86,100],"read":[88,102],"aloud":[89,105],"teacher,":[92,108],"monitored":[94,110],"their":[95,111],"progress.":[96],"Students":[97],"also":[99],"text":[104],"progress":[112],"during":[113,123],"reading.":[114],"was":[117,163],"conducted":[118],"at":[119],"Independent":[120],"International":[121],"Schools":[122],"2024\u20132025":[125],"academic":[126],"year.":[127],"instrument":[130],"observation":[134],"checklist.":[135],"results":[137],"indicated":[138],"statistically":[139],"significant":[140],"differences":[141],"between":[142],"groups,":[145],"favoring":[146],"(":[150],"F":[151],"(1,57)":[152],"=":[153,160],"149.619,":[154],"p":[155],"<":[156],"0.001,":[157],"\u03b7":[158],"2":[159],"0.710),":[161],"which":[162],"attributed":[164],"use":[167],"AI":[169,187,215],"teaching":[172],"skills.":[174],"recommended":[177],"organizing":[178],"training":[179,227],"workshops":[180],"for":[181],"teachers":[182],"familiarize":[184],"them":[185],"that":[189,214],"support":[190],"enhance":[192,218],"teaching,":[193],"as":[194,196],"well":[195],"adopting":[197],"new":[198],"strategies":[199],"aligned":[200],"modern":[202],"technological":[203],"advancements":[204],"meet":[206],"students\u2019":[207],"needs":[208],"interests.":[210],"These":[211],"findings":[212],"suggest":[213],"can":[217],"highlight":[222],"importance":[224],"further":[229],"research":[230],"AI-assisted":[232],"learning.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
