{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127060360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","title":"Lung Disease Detection Using Hybrid CNN\u2010XGBoost Classifier With New Loss Function","display_name":"Lung Disease Detection Using Hybrid CNN\u2010XGBoost Classifier With New Loss Function","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127060360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2/6391804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094204614","display_name":"Bahman Jafari Tabaghsar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8592-9391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8592-9391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bahman Jafari Tabaghsar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer ,  Ma.C. ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Mashhad ,  Iran , mshdiau.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8592-9391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ,  Ma.C. ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Mashhad ,  Iran , mshdiau.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055893082","display_name":"Yahya Forghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-5666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-5666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Forghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer ,  Ma.C. ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Mashhad ,  Iran , mshdiau.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3218-5666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ,  Ma.C. ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Mashhad ,  Iran , mshdiau.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001614474","display_name":"Reza Sheibani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-0062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-0062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183859904","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvysh61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reza Sheibani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer ,  Ma.C. ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Mashhad ,  Iran , mshdiau.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-0062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer ,  Ma.C. ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Mashhad ,  Iran , mshdiau.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050368010","display_name":"Reza Tavoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-3164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-3164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118335","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Chalous","ror":"https://ror.org/02cytaa95","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210118335"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Tavoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Chalous Branch ,  Chalous ,  Iran , iauahvaz.ac.ir"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-3164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering ,  Islamic Azad University ,  Chalous Branch ,  Chalous ,  Iran , iauahvaz.ac.ir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118335"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001614474","https://openalex.org/A5055893082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183859904"],"apc_list":{"value":2210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2210},"apc_paid":{"value":2210,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2210},"fwci":13.6639,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98438721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-disease-classification","display_name":"lung disease classification","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chest-x-ray-images","display_name":"chest X-ray images","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-gradient-boosting","display_name":"extreme gradient boosting","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia-detection","display_name":"pneumonia detection","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nih-chestx-ray14","display_name":"NIH ChestX-ray14","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-image-diagnosis","display_name":"medical image diagnosis","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7148000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6776000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6553000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5900999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5443999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung function","level":3,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70500001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199915","display_name":"Derating","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983914783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Lung disease","level":3,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2/6391804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2/6391804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2/6391804","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9476000070571899}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5280740261077881}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127060360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127060360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2784163702","https://openalex.org/W2949698495","https://openalex.org/W3038187447","https://openalex.org/W3091277309","https://openalex.org/W3109582659","https://openalex.org/W3109889636","https://openalex.org/W3197832553","https://openalex.org/W3216721547","https://openalex.org/W4296621256","https://openalex.org/W4308160156","https://openalex.org/W4309744061","https://openalex.org/W4310076807","https://openalex.org/W4366198760","https://openalex.org/W4366425965","https://openalex.org/W4376133271","https://openalex.org/W4380202122","https://openalex.org/W4384831205","https://openalex.org/W4385774257","https://openalex.org/W4386447568","https://openalex.org/W4388787955","https://openalex.org/W4389417677","https://openalex.org/W4389506957","https://openalex.org/W4390643706","https://openalex.org/W4391933025","https://openalex.org/W4392436622","https://openalex.org/W4393010500","https://openalex.org/W4393988700","https://openalex.org/W4394885457","https://openalex.org/W4400128874"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lung":[0],"disease":[1,164],"is":[2,81,94,137],"one":[3,167],"of":[4,32,53,117,174],"the":[5,51,84,88,97,102,115,118,141,155],"fatal":[6],"and":[7,22,56,61,65,76,91,127,131,166],"common":[8],"illnesses,":[9],"affecting":[10],"many":[11],"people":[12],"each":[13,143],"year":[14],"through":[15],"various":[16],"forms":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19,122],"asthma,":[20],"pneumonia,":[21],"lung":[23,54],"obstruction.":[24],"Numerous":[25],"diagnostic":[26],"methods":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29,111],"proposed,":[30],"most":[31],"which":[33,159],"rely":[34],"on":[35,154],"machine":[36],"learning":[37],"algorithms":[38],"or":[39],"simple":[40],"convolutional":[41],"neural":[42],"networks":[43],"(CNNs)":[44],"that":[45],"often":[46],"lack":[47],"sufficient":[48],"accuracy.":[49],"Given":[50],"diversity":[52],"diseases":[55],"X\u2010ray":[57],"images,":[58],"accurate":[59],"diagnosis":[60],"classification":[62],"remain":[63],"complex":[64],"challenging":[66],"tasks.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"this,":[70],"a":[71,106,171],"hybrid":[72,136],"algorithm":[73],"combining":[74],"CNN":[75,85],"Extreme":[77],"Gradient":[78],"Boosting":[79],"(XGBoost)":[80],"introduced,":[82],"where":[83],"first":[86],"processes":[87],"training":[89],"data,":[90],"its":[92],"output":[93],"passed":[95],"to":[96,100,113,139],"XGBoost":[98],"classifier":[99],"produce":[101],"final":[103],"prediction.":[104],"Additionally,":[105],"novel":[107],"loss":[108],"function":[109],"has":[110],"designed":[112],"overcome":[114],"limitations":[116],"conventional":[119],"softmax":[120],"loss\u2014such":[121],"sensitivity,":[123],"class":[124],"imbalance":[125],"constraints,":[126],"mismatches":[128],"between":[129],"intraclass":[130],"interclass":[132],"distances.":[133],"The":[134],"CNN\u2010XGBoost":[135],"employed":[138],"mitigate":[140],"weaknesses":[142],"model":[144],"exhibits":[145],"when":[146],"used":[147],"independently.":[148],"This":[149],"proposed":[150],"method":[151],"was":[152],"evaluated":[153],"NIH":[156],"CXR":[157],"dataset,":[158],"includes":[160],"15":[161],"classes":[162,165],"(14":[163],"healthy":[168],"class),":[169],"achieving":[170],"test":[172],"accuracy":[173],"97.92%,":[175],"significantly":[176],"outperforming":[177],"previous":[178],"approaches.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}