{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127055949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","title":"Apology and national identity play a role in forgiveness toward Syrian refugees in Turkey","display_name":"Apology and national identity play a role in forgiveness toward Syrian refugees in Turkey","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127055949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212592","display_name":"Discover Psychology","issn_l":"2731-4537","issn":["2731-4537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092932363","display_name":"Neslihan Nur Pehlivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-9793","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-9793"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799360972","display_name":"Hitit \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8m3269","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neslihan Nur Pehlivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Services Vocational School, Hitit University, \u00c7orum, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Services Vocational School, Hitit University, \u00c7orum, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007582827","display_name":"Hamit Co\u015fkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-8717","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-8717"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155008","display_name":"Kocaeli Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Teknoloji \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/016dcc221","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155008"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamit Co\u015fkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092932363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799360972"],"apc_list":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"apc_paid":{"value":1590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1590},"fwci":12.8967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95882144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.5199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.5199999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12551","display_name":"Forgiveness and Related Behaviors","score":0.47850000858306885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12521","display_name":"Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgiveness","display_name":"forgiveness","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apology","display_name":"apology","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-identity","display_name":"national identity","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity","display_name":"social identity","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syrian-refugees","display_name":"Syrian refugees","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ingroup-identification","display_name":"ingroup identification","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intergroup-relations","display_name":"intergroup relations","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incivility","display_name":"incivility","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-university-students","display_name":"Turkish university students","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cohesion","display_name":"social cohesion","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration","display_name":"migration","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778731027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537963","display_name":"Forgiveness","level":2,"score":0.9402999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.5745000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659234","display_name":"Harmony (color)","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51271553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842917","display_name":"Outgroup","level":2,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107344746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375181","display_name":"Ingroups and outgroups","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993223162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249253","display_name":"Social harmony","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992801459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal interaction","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151915780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146163","display_name":"Collective identity","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10485196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17091170","display_name":"Group conflict","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778407155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1880695","display_name":"National identity","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50718005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4392985","display_name":"Religious identity","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212592","display_name":"Discover Psychology","issn_l":"2731-4537","issn":["2731-4537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef939fde2a4544f0a048d83351d6bf02","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef939fde2a4544f0a048d83351d6bf02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Psychology, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-026-00601-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212592","display_name":"Discover Psychology","issn_l":"2731-4537","issn":["2731-4537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7751180529594421,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880254454","https://openalex.org/W1926731343","https://openalex.org/W1991257979","https://openalex.org/W1999320300","https://openalex.org/W1999403088","https://openalex.org/W2001084254","https://openalex.org/W2012222557","https://openalex.org/W2023701920","https://openalex.org/W2023995848","https://openalex.org/W2032497511","https://openalex.org/W2058144291","https://openalex.org/W2058914262","https://openalex.org/W2075097597","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2095713894","https://openalex.org/W2102513659","https://openalex.org/W2112631216","https://openalex.org/W2115834877","https://openalex.org/W2121689139","https://openalex.org/W2131777888","https://openalex.org/W2166271992","https://openalex.org/W2168160449","https://openalex.org/W2330923902","https://openalex.org/W2380489056","https://openalex.org/W2773000267","https://openalex.org/W2793403789","https://openalex.org/W2915052493","https://openalex.org/W2955104942","https://openalex.org/W3162346207","https://openalex.org/W3173515322","https://openalex.org/W4200160902","https://openalex.org/W4213263068","https://openalex.org/W4229050687"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,175],"investigates":[2],"how":[3],"apology":[4,118],"and":[5,109,119,165,186,196],"social":[6,166,197],"identity":[7,167],"jointly":[8],"shape":[9],"forgiveness":[10,134,143,170],"in":[11,64,168,171],"intergroup":[12,194],"contexts":[13],"involving":[14],"refugees.":[15],"Drawing":[16],"on":[17,24],"Social":[18],"Identity":[19],"Theory,":[20],"the":[21,82,132,153,159,179],"research":[22],"focused":[23],"Turkish":[25,76,127],"university":[26],"students\u2019":[27],"reactions":[28],"to":[29,58,88,177,192],"a":[30,65,147],"minor":[31],"act":[32],"of":[33,52,60,74,93,117,162],"incivility":[34],"committed":[35,125],"by":[36,126],"either":[37],"an":[38,48],"in-group":[39,94,100,139],"(Turkish)":[40],"or":[41,46],"out-group":[42,107],"(Syrian)":[43],"individual,":[44],"with":[45,91],"without":[47],"apology.":[49],"A":[50],"total":[51],"144":[53],"participants":[54,84],"were":[55,102],"randomly":[56],"assigned":[57],"one":[59],"four":[61],"experimental":[62],"conditions":[63],"2":[66,72],"(apology:":[67],"yes":[68],"vs.":[69,77],"no)":[70],"\u00d7":[71],"(source":[73],"behavior:":[75],"Syrian)":[78],"design.":[79],"After":[80],"reading":[81],"scenario,":[83],"reported":[85],"their":[86],"willingness":[87],"forgive,":[89],"along":[90],"measures":[92],"identification.":[95],"The":[96,115,174],"results":[97],"showed":[98],"that":[99,110,123,182],"offenders":[101,128],"forgiven":[103],"more":[104],"readily":[105],"than":[106,152],"offenders,":[108],"apologies":[111],"significantly":[112],"increased":[113],"forgiveness.":[114],"interaction":[116],"group":[120],"membership":[121],"indicated":[122],"offenses":[124],"who":[129],"apologized":[130],"elicited":[131],"highest":[133],"levels.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"stronger":[138],"identification":[140],"predicted":[141],"lower":[142],"across":[144],"conditions,":[145],"suggesting":[146],"direct":[148],"negative":[149],"effect":[150],"rather":[151],"hypothesized":[154],"moderation.":[155],"These":[156],"findings":[157],"highlight":[158],"central":[160],"roles":[161],"interpersonal":[163],"cues":[164],"shaping":[169],"migration":[172],"contexts.":[173],"contributes":[176],"understanding":[178],"psychological":[180],"mechanisms":[181],"underlie":[183],"host\u2013refugee":[184],"relations":[185],"offers":[187],"insights":[188],"for":[189],"interventions":[190],"aiming":[191],"promote":[193],"harmony":[195],"cohesion.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T09:40:40.371523","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
