{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127055146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","title":"Long-term effectiveness on glycemic control of insulin compared to combined oral antidiabetic drugs for initial intensive treatment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A duplicated target trial","display_name":"Long-term effectiveness on glycemic control of insulin compared to combined oral antidiabetic drugs for initial intensive treatment in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A duplicated target trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127055146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41630246","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12863771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000047235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124742922","display_name":"Tae Hyeon Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae Hyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020264261","display_name":"Yerin Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9705-8190","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9705-8190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yerin Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026718851","display_name":"Selin Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-2074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-2074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selin Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124727983","display_name":"Kyeongmin Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261187","display_name":"Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xxe0935","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128080","https://openalex.org/I4405261187"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeongmin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037999091","display_name":"Yejun Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3939-2983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3939-2983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yejun Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121549479","display_name":"Seoyoung Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seoyoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124699509","display_name":"Hyunjee Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunjee Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039560921","display_name":"Ju\u2010Young Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-7525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-7525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju-Young Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046386770","display_name":"YongHyun Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-0295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8606-0295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259708","display_name":"Kakao Corporation (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb2dn85","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259708"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YongHyun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWE Division, Kakao Healthcare Corp., Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWE Division, Kakao Healthcare Corp., Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108527159","display_name":"Dahye Shin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259708","display_name":"Kakao Corporation (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kb2dn85","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259708"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahye Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWE Division, Kakao Healthcare Corp., Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWE Division, Kakao Healthcare Corp., Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124739836","display_name":"Dosang Cho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261427","display_name":"Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/059k49c26","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4210132203","https://openalex.org/I4405261427"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dosang Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566","https://openalex.org/I4405261427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124718608","display_name":"Kyung-Jae Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261187","display_name":"Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xxe0935","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128080","https://openalex.org/I4405261187"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung-Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405261187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012095455","display_name":"Sang Youl Rhee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-5818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0119-5818"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Youl Rhee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028976173","display_name":"Dong Keon Yon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112503","display_name":"Kyung Hee University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbmek33","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503","https://openalex.org/I4405258385"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Keon Yon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-9948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028976173"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602","https://openalex.org/I4210112503"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"5","first_page":"e47235","last_page":"e47235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newly-diagnosed-diabetes","display_name":"newly diagnosed diabetes","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-insulin-therapy","display_name":"intensive insulin therapy","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-glycemic-control","display_name":"long-term glycemic control","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-discontinuation","display_name":"treatment discontinuation","score":0.671999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9639000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.8578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.704200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5568000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.2685000002384186}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000085002","descriptor_name":"Glycemic Control","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000284","descriptor_name":"Administration, Oral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008687","descriptor_name":"Metformin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056910","descriptor_name":"Republic of Korea","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000047235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12863771","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12863771/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12863771/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine (Baltimore)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11671261","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12863771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41630246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41630246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/md.0000000000047235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000047235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28966261","display_name":"Medicine","issn_l":"0025-7974","issn":["0025-7974","1536-5964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318547","host_organization_name":"Wolters Kluwer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1499063997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HE23C002800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","funder_display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1997161599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00460379","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00fdzyk40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127055146.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127055146.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079771683","https://openalex.org/W2102076191","https://openalex.org/W2105575861","https://openalex.org/W2123946565","https://openalex.org/W2171294019","https://openalex.org/W2589131700","https://openalex.org/W2597545061","https://openalex.org/W2781127461","https://openalex.org/W2885657542","https://openalex.org/W2887185538","https://openalex.org/W2888570419","https://openalex.org/W2948602156","https://openalex.org/W3093922961","https://openalex.org/W3122081836","https://openalex.org/W3187495758","https://openalex.org/W4324381450","https://openalex.org/W4381799391","https://openalex.org/W4387976774","https://openalex.org/W4391168048","https://openalex.org/W4391261928","https://openalex.org/W4392771912","https://openalex.org/W4392773058","https://openalex.org/W4395070850","https://openalex.org/W4397039731","https://openalex.org/W4399389178","https://openalex.org/W4401155187","https://openalex.org/W4401158781","https://openalex.org/W4401419463","https://openalex.org/W4401697014","https://openalex.org/W4402012035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781127461","https://openalex.org/W41882834","https://openalex.org/W7122777322","https://openalex.org/W2077940467","https://openalex.org/W2155216631","https://openalex.org/W2393165402","https://openalex.org/W3026244952","https://openalex.org/W2384013876","https://openalex.org/W4390938699","https://openalex.org/W4402318599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"both":[1],"intensive":[2,15,54,104,161,268],"insulin":[3,81],"therapy":[4],"(IIT)":[5],"and":[6,37,46,88,197,203,209,211,220],"combined":[7,92],"oral":[8,95],"antidiabetic":[9,96],"drugs":[10,97],"(COAD)":[11],"can":[12],"achieve":[13],"initial":[14,24,53,103,160,267],"glycemic":[16,35,55,117,243,276],"control,":[17],"evidence":[18],"comparing":[19],"their":[20],"long-term":[21,34,275],"effectiveness":[22],"following":[23,111,167],"remission":[25,42,118,142,244],"remains":[26],"limited.":[27],"Therefore,":[28],"this":[29],"study":[30],"aims":[31],"to":[32,84,98,137,247],"compare":[33],"control":[36,277],"the":[38,85,99,139,206,214,230,248],"risk":[39,140,240],"of":[40,64,115,141,241],"drug-free":[41,116,242],"failure":[43,143,245],"between":[44,144],"IIT":[45,86,207,234,270],"COAD":[47,100,183,215,231,249],"in":[48,74,205,213,229],"patients":[49,66,157,258],"who":[50],"successfully":[51],"achieved":[52],"control.":[56],"This":[57],"duplicated":[58],"target":[59],"trial":[60],"utilized":[61],"a":[62,237],"cohort":[63],"60,736":[65],"with":[67,80,93,151,225,259,273,279],"type":[68,262],"2":[69,263],"diabetes":[70,264],"from":[71],"3":[72],"hospitals":[73],"South":[75],"Korea":[76],"(2001-2024).":[77],"Patients":[78],"treated":[79],"were":[82,201],"assigned":[83,165],"group,":[87,208],"those":[89],"receiving":[90],"metformin":[91],"other":[94],"group.":[101,216,232],"Successful":[102],"treatment":[105,112,282],"was":[106,119,135,271],"defined":[107,120],"as":[108,121],"HbA1c":[109,122,196,219],"<7.0%":[110],"cessation.":[113],"Failure":[114],"\u22657.0%":[123],"during":[124],"follow-up.":[125],"After":[126],"1:1":[127,168],"propensity":[128,169],"score":[129,170],"matching,":[130],"Cox":[131],"proportional":[132],"hazard":[133,148],"model":[134],"employed":[136],"evaluate":[138],"groups,":[145],"estimating":[146],"adjusted":[147],"ratios":[149],"(aHRs)":[150],"95%":[152],"confidence":[153,254],"intervals.":[154],"Among":[155],"2092":[156],"achieving":[158,265],"successful":[159,266],"treatment,":[162,269],"each":[163],"group":[164,235,250],"355":[166],"matching":[171],"(IIT":[172],"group:":[173,184],"mean":[174,185,195],"age,":[175,186],"64.56":[176],"[standard":[177,188],"deviation,":[178,189],"13.16]":[179],"years;":[180,191],"49.0%":[181],"female;":[182],"64.08":[187],"12.90]":[190],"45.6%":[192],"female).":[193],"Baseline":[194],"fasting":[198],"plasma":[199],"glucose":[200],"6.26%":[202],"115.4mg/dL":[204],"6.31%":[210],"126.4mg/dL":[212],"During":[217],"follow-up,":[218],"body":[221],"weight":[222],"diverged":[223],"significantly,":[224],"higher":[226],"levels":[227],"observed":[228],"The":[233],"indicated":[236],"significant":[238],"lower":[239],"compared":[246,278],"(aHR,":[251],"0.47":[252],"[95%":[253],"interval,":[255],"0.31-0.73]).":[256],"In":[257],"newly":[260],"diagnosed":[261],"associated":[272],"better":[274],"COAD,":[280],"despite":[281],"discontinuation.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}