{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127051533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","title":"A mixed methods approach to explore free time management in first year healthcare students at Hanoi Medical University","display_name":"A mixed methods approach to explore free time management in first year healthcare students at Hanoi Medical University","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127051533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280196","display_name":"Discover Education","issn_l":"2731-5525","issn":["2731-5525"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041167069","display_name":"Tr\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 Nh\u1ecb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-2766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-2766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189643551","display_name":"Hanoi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2t3x97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhi Tho Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7327-2766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124693839","display_name":"Nguyen Gia Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3150-7671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3150-7671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189643551","display_name":"Hanoi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2t3x97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Gia Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3150-7671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124705047","display_name":"Dang Phuong Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3429-0140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3429-0140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189643551","display_name":"Hanoi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2t3x97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Phuong Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3429-0140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019544382","display_name":"L\u00ea Minh \u0110\u1ea1t","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189643551","display_name":"Hanoi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2t3x97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dat Minh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159652540","display_name":"Hung Tuan Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6980-4098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6980-4098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189643551","display_name":"Hanoi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2t3x97","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hung Tuan Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6980-4098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Kim Lien, Dong Da, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159652540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189643551"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05323535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":0.29420000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12258","display_name":"Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies","score":0.29420000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.22439999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13929","display_name":"Educational Outcomes and Influences","score":0.19470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-time-management","display_name":"free time management","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professions-students","display_name":"health professions students","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-year-students","display_name":"first-year students","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-management","display_name":"time management","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"scheduling","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/part-time-employment","display_name":"part-time work","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procrastination","display_name":"procrastination","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-control","display_name":"self-control","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-workload","display_name":"academic workload","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-well-being","display_name":"student well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166235249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355217","display_name":"Time management","level":2,"score":0.7006000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018339088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28460","display_name":"Hands free","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56154687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998095","display_name":"Personal development","level":2,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993717907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q443477","display_name":"Free state","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171265473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691117","display_name":"Health management system","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180518391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355217","display_name":"Time allocation","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018949938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17166101","display_name":"Text messaging","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779093747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79621057","display_name":"Full-time","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988064887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828748","display_name":"Continuing education","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987653016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500235","display_name":"Free form","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87858587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative research","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988821698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16338","display_name":"Personal computer","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280196","display_name":"Discover Education","issn_l":"2731-5525","issn":["2731-5525"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8741343/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8741343/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8741343/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8741343/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44217-026-02348-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280196","display_name":"Discover Education","issn_l":"2731-5525","issn":["2731-5525"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127051533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127051533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530155851","https://openalex.org/W1982113757","https://openalex.org/W1985446851","https://openalex.org/W2017351814","https://openalex.org/W2041552566","https://openalex.org/W2046521577","https://openalex.org/W2080540798","https://openalex.org/W2102955146","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2110219376","https://openalex.org/W2143205720","https://openalex.org/W2192454956","https://openalex.org/W2274718447","https://openalex.org/W2769705208","https://openalex.org/W2770469637","https://openalex.org/W2895251950","https://openalex.org/W2918765206","https://openalex.org/W3097570733","https://openalex.org/W3112312228","https://openalex.org/W3119885646","https://openalex.org/W3121221120","https://openalex.org/W3125342489","https://openalex.org/W3125347851","https://openalex.org/W4224302751","https://openalex.org/W4283792516","https://openalex.org/W4292543873","https://openalex.org/W4386651213","https://openalex.org/W4386846299","https://openalex.org/W4391649630","https://openalex.org/W4395690376","https://openalex.org/W4399493160","https://openalex.org/W4401955533","https://openalex.org/W4402746461","https://openalex.org/W4404325309","https://openalex.org/W4412694540","https://openalex.org/W4413471240","https://openalex.org/W4415273837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131043238","https://openalex.org/W4406838790","https://openalex.org/W4385584469","https://openalex.org/W3197840892","https://openalex.org/W7215878702","https://openalex.org/W2893356476","https://openalex.org/W7133191561","https://openalex.org/W7219957728","https://openalex.org/W4315644828","https://openalex.org/W4413226751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"&":[2],"Objective:":[3],"Free":[4,85,125,131],"time":[5,44,123,177,222],"management":[6,45,98,223],"is":[7],"a":[8,61],"crucial":[9],"life":[10],"skill,":[11],"particularly":[12],"for":[13,22,105,226],"healthcare":[14,51],"students.":[15],"While":[16,142],"global":[17],"studies":[18],"highlighted":[19,165],"its":[20],"benefits":[21],"personal":[23,170,194,228],"growth,":[24],"little":[25],"attention":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"given":[29],"to":[30,40,80,109,111,146],"this":[31],"issue":[32],"in":[33,191],"Vietnam.":[34],"Therefore,":[35],"our":[36],"study":[37,59,117,144,181],"was":[38,76],"conducted":[39],"describe":[41],"the":[42,84,91,112,143,166],"free":[43,122,162,187,209,221],"and":[46,100,137,160,172,198,207,216,230],"related":[47],"factors":[48,171,195],"among":[49],"first-year":[50,70],"students":[52,71,95,184],"at":[53,72],"Hanoi":[54,73],"Medical":[55,74],"University.":[56],"Methods:":[57],"The":[58,116,180],"employed":[60],"cross-sectional":[62],"mixed-methods":[63],"design.":[64],"A":[65],"convenient":[66],"sample":[67],"of":[68,121,168],"610":[69],"University":[75],"surveyed":[77],"from":[78],"June":[79],"December":[81],"2024":[82],"using":[83],"Time":[86,126,132],"Management":[87],"Scale.":[88],"Based":[89],"on":[90,175,220],"quantitative":[92],"results,":[93],"12":[94],"with":[96,189],"diverse":[97],"levels":[99],"characteristics":[101],"were":[102],"purposively":[103],"selected":[104],"semi-structured":[106],"in-depth":[107],"interviews":[108],"contribute":[110],"qualitative":[113],"study.":[114],"Results:":[115],"identified":[118],"three":[119],"constructs":[120],"management:":[124],"Technique":[127],"(M":[128,134,139],"=":[129,135,140,150,158],"3.09-3.29),":[130],"Attitudes":[133],"3.51-3.77),":[136],"Scheduling":[138],"2.77-3.42).":[141],"pointed":[145],"part-time":[147,203],"work":[148],"(OR":[149,157],"1.55),":[151],"record":[152],"tasks":[153],"by":[154],"electronic":[155],"devices":[156],"1.86-2.46)":[159],"available":[161,208],"time.":[163],"Interviews":[164],"influence":[167],"both":[169],"external":[173,199],"pressures":[174],"students\u2019":[176,227],"management.":[178],"Conclusion:":[179],"found":[182],"that":[183],"could":[185],"manage":[186],"time,":[188],"challenges":[190],"scheduling.":[192],"Both":[193],"(self-discipline,":[196],"procrastination)":[197],"influences":[200],"(academic":[201],"workload,":[202],"jobs,":[204],"task-managing":[205],"methods":[206],"time)":[210],"played":[211],"important":[212],"roles.":[213],"Expanding":[214],"research":[215],"providing":[217],"training":[218],"programs":[219],"are":[224],"essential":[225],"growth":[229],"well-being.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}