{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127050716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","title":"Satellite remote sensing enables monitoring of soil organic carbon decline in croplands of Jilin China","display_name":"Satellite remote sensing enables monitoring of soil organic carbon decline in croplands of Jilin China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127050716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41622311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38386-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38386-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062891400","display_name":"Zhengyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-3984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-3984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086659","display_name":"Jilin Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/002hbfc50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Modern Industry, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China. xuzhengyuan@jlju.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Modern Industry, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China. xuzhengyuan@jlju.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124725988","display_name":"De Hou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086659","display_name":"Jilin Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/002hbfc50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121918674","display_name":"Nan Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086659","display_name":"Jilin Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/002hbfc50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Modern Industry, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Modern Industry, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124707653","display_name":"Wenhao Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086659","display_name":"Jilin Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/002hbfc50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Modern Industry, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Modern Industry, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124716777","display_name":"Tianyi Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center of Geological and Mineral Experimental Testing, Harbin, 150036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center of Geological and Mineral Experimental Testing, Harbin, 150036, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124714480","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086659","display_name":"Jilin Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/002hbfc50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China","College of Surveying and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124715499","display_name":"Zhongxu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086659","display_name":"Jilin Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/002hbfc50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China","College of Surveying and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Exploration Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062891400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086659"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":6.3732,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95507129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"6966","last_page":"6966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.04699999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropland","display_name":"cropland","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-remote-sensing","display_name":"satellite remote sensing","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soc-mapping","display_name":"SOC mapping","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terra-modis","display_name":"MODIS Terra","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landsat-oli","display_name":"Landsat OLI","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-2-msi","display_name":"Sentinel-2 MSI","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"partial least squares regression","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jilin-province","display_name":"Jilin Province","score":0.7870000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7461000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104471815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276164","display_name":"Digital soil mapping","level":4,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993678126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon flux","level":3,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183365957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17140402","display_name":"Remote sensing application","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104541649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935090","display_name":"Multispectral pattern recognition","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38386-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41622311","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41622311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a6ebfd7c7c1400c93d5345ac813b452","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a6ebfd7c7c1400c93d5345ac813b452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 16, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12917285","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12917285/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38386-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38386-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"},{"score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.763420581817627,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05782e512"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127050716.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127050716.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180166045","https://openalex.org/W1592341820","https://openalex.org/W1605313265","https://openalex.org/W1973273412","https://openalex.org/W1976251851","https://openalex.org/W1993414971","https://openalex.org/W1997287413","https://openalex.org/W2002252588","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2019038438","https://openalex.org/W2019357360","https://openalex.org/W2042122216","https://openalex.org/W2052903566","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2068371905","https://openalex.org/W2089441588","https://openalex.org/W2097018019","https://openalex.org/W2103766443","https://openalex.org/W2116395914","https://openalex.org/W2132484323","https://openalex.org/W2148039553","https://openalex.org/W2163410149","https://openalex.org/W2166023984","https://openalex.org/W2167869331","https://openalex.org/W2230229588","https://openalex.org/W2322799392","https://openalex.org/W2414889478","https://openalex.org/W2561843522","https://openalex.org/W2883893555","https://openalex.org/W2893324711","https://openalex.org/W2896031221","https://openalex.org/W2924579710","https://openalex.org/W2957520121","https://openalex.org/W3127347439","https://openalex.org/W3156666712","https://openalex.org/W3157113682","https://openalex.org/W3217144359","https://openalex.org/W4210763428","https://openalex.org/W4212897403","https://openalex.org/W4292266795","https://openalex.org/W4296107393","https://openalex.org/W4382601271","https://openalex.org/W4392957696","https://openalex.org/W4399795986","https://openalex.org/W4405929348"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soil":[0,141],"organic":[1],"carbon":[2],"(SOC)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,23,134,222],"key":[6],"parameter":[7],"for":[8,183,227],"soil":[9],"quality.":[10],"As":[11],"one":[12],"of":[13,18,100,105,178,219],"the":[14,57,66,69,139,184,196,204,217],"major":[15],"grain-producing":[16],"regions":[17],"China,":[19],"Jilin":[20,54],"Province":[21,55],"plays":[22],"critical":[24],"role":[25],"in":[26,49,53,65,128],"ensuring":[27],"national":[28,228],"food":[29],"security,":[30],"making":[31],"cropland":[32],"SOC":[33,50,78,94,151,229],"monitoring":[34,230],"essential.":[35],"Based":[36],"on":[37,83],"satellite":[38],"remote":[39],"sensing":[40],"observations,":[41],"this":[42],"study":[43,132],"reveals":[44],"an":[45],"overall":[46],"5.14%":[47],"decline":[48],"across":[51,107,126],"croplands":[52],"over":[56],"past":[58],"seven":[59],"years.":[60],"Losses":[61],"were":[62,190],"most":[63],"pronounced":[64],"west,":[67],"while":[68],"central":[70],"and":[71,91,112,153,165,181,213,224],"eastern":[72],"areas":[73],"remained":[74],"relatively":[75],"stable.":[76],"Conventional":[77],"estimation":[79],"methods":[80],"largely":[81],"rely":[82],"machine":[84],"learning,":[85],"which":[86],"can":[87],"lack":[88],"physical":[89],"interpretability":[90],"reproducibility.":[92],"PLSR-based":[93],"models":[95,117],"achieved":[96],"validation":[97,120],"R2":[98],"values":[99],"0.40\u20130.61":[101],"with":[102,173,176,192,206],"corresponding":[103],"RMSEs":[104],"0.30\u20130.38":[106],"MODIS":[108,161],"Terra,":[109,162],"Landsat":[110,163],"OLI,":[111,164],"Sentinel-2":[113],"MSI.":[114,167],"The":[115,168,200],"quantitative":[116],"exhibit":[118],"satisfactory":[119],"accuracy":[121],"but":[122],"limited":[123],"spatial":[124,188],"robustness":[125],"sensors":[127],"practical":[129],"mapping.":[130],"This":[131],"proposes":[133],"new":[135],"broadband":[136,158],"spectral":[137,154],"index,":[138],"Ratio":[140],"Index":[142],"(RSI),":[143],"applied":[144],"at":[145],"30-meter":[146],"resolution.":[147],"Using":[148],"field":[149],"synchronized":[150],"measurements":[152],"analysis,":[155],"we":[156],"developed":[157],"indices":[159],"from":[160],"Sentinel":[166],"RSI":[169],"showed":[170],"strong":[171],"correlations":[172],"measured":[174],"SOC,":[175,220],"coefficients":[177],"0.72,":[179],"0.74,":[180],"0.77":[182],"three":[185],"sensors.":[186],"Its":[187],"patterns":[189],"consistent":[191],"ground":[193],"observations":[194],"within":[195],"95%":[197],"confidence":[198],"interval.":[199],"findings":[201],"demonstrate":[202],"that":[203],"RSI,":[205],"its":[207],"concise":[208],"formulation,":[209],"reliable":[210],"mapping":[211],"performance,":[212],"ability":[214],"to":[215],"identify":[216],"variations":[218],"offers":[221],"scalable":[223],"reproducible":[225],"metric":[226],"under":[231],"changing":[232],"agricultural":[233],"management.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}