{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127049505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","title":"Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method","display_name":"Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127049505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31603/mesi.13595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","pdf_url":"https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/article/download/13595/6418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238268","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","issn_l":"2798-5245","issn":["2798-5245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315145","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammdiyah Magelang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammdiyah Magelang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7127049505"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/article/download/13595/6418","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103320042","display_name":"Muhammad Faizullah Pasha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faizullah Pasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081832998","display_name":"Andoko Andoko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-2445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-2445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andoko Andoko","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-2445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103320043","display_name":"Muhammad Wahid Darmawan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Wahid Darmawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124711474","display_name":"Fina Nur Nabillah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fina Nur Nabillah","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049408091","display_name":"Riduwan Prasetya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-4652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-4652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102893293","display_name":"State University of Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riduwan Prasetya","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Malang, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Malang, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102893293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001207795","display_name":"Mohammad Sukri Mustapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9853-2819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9853-2819"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sukri Bin Mustapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9853-2819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.172,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2551342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"413","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10610","display_name":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10610","display_name":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11208","display_name":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10869","display_name":"Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose-nanocrystals","display_name":"cellulose nanocrystals","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pennisetum-purpureum","display_name":"Pennisetum purpureum","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-persulfate-oxidation","display_name":"ammonium persulfate oxidation","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-biomass","display_name":"agricultural biomass","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-materials","display_name":"sustainable materials","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallinity-index","display_name":"crystallinity index","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-functionalization","display_name":"surface functionalization","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circular-economy","display_name":"circular economy","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-waste-valorization","display_name":"agricultural waste valorization","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412085","display_name":"Ammonium persulfate","level":4,"score":0.8076000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46275449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2458815","display_name":"Crystallinity","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294","display_name":"Cellulose","level":2,"score":0.5523999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779263494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420834","display_name":"Pennisetum purpureum","level":3,"score":0.5185999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5163999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778729139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280718","display_name":"Persulfate","level":3,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777968448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964006","display_name":"Nanocellulose","level":3,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982926626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962383","display_name":"Sustainable energy","level":3,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147438087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334","display_name":"Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175854130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98276914","display_name":"Nanocrystal","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779093316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335415","display_name":"Papermaking","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31603/mesi.13595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","pdf_url":"https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/article/download/13595/6418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238268","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","issn_l":"2798-5245","issn":["2798-5245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315145","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammdiyah Magelang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammdiyah Magelang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31603/mesi.13595","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.13595","pdf_url":"https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/mesi/article/download/13595/6418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238268","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","issn_l":"2798-5245","issn":["2798-5245"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315145","host_organization_name":"Universitas Muhammdiyah Magelang","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universitas Muhammdiyah Magelang"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7289135459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2383/E2/DT.01.00/2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331994","funder_display_name":"Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329008","display_name":"Universitas Negeri Malang","ror":"https://ror.org/00ypgyy34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331994","display_name":"Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335079","display_name":"Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi","ror":"https://ror.org/03sxt1c89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127049505.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127049505.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31998975","https://openalex.org/W2053510097","https://openalex.org/W2059666954","https://openalex.org/W2072005560","https://openalex.org/W2077500860","https://openalex.org/W2087412582","https://openalex.org/W2096991082","https://openalex.org/W2213725882","https://openalex.org/W2239855464","https://openalex.org/W2255160354","https://openalex.org/W2260691788","https://openalex.org/W2266048115","https://openalex.org/W2300771722","https://openalex.org/W2314688179","https://openalex.org/W2356495775","https://openalex.org/W2444253297","https://openalex.org/W2480778748","https://openalex.org/W2481752137","https://openalex.org/W2547744111","https://openalex.org/W2590976164","https://openalex.org/W2727514216","https://openalex.org/W2757947510","https://openalex.org/W2763914840","https://openalex.org/W2792396894","https://openalex.org/W2800161634","https://openalex.org/W2892082724","https://openalex.org/W2901248025","https://openalex.org/W2912116327","https://openalex.org/W2922161407","https://openalex.org/W2947019312","https://openalex.org/W2954750248","https://openalex.org/W2963585226","https://openalex.org/W2963678286","https://openalex.org/W2997169654","https://openalex.org/W3005137558","https://openalex.org/W3007014517","https://openalex.org/W3014447695","https://openalex.org/W3035253862","https://openalex.org/W3046432619","https://openalex.org/W3080398580","https://openalex.org/W3082309112","https://openalex.org/W3095809397","https://openalex.org/W3096833155","https://openalex.org/W3096969175","https://openalex.org/W3111119176","https://openalex.org/W3111315771","https://openalex.org/W3121732357","https://openalex.org/W3126639020","https://openalex.org/W3166500161","https://openalex.org/W3202202141","https://openalex.org/W3206585717","https://openalex.org/W4205115042","https://openalex.org/W4225722730","https://openalex.org/W4285496000","https://openalex.org/W4300101029","https://openalex.org/W4307902473","https://openalex.org/W4324143301","https://openalex.org/W4361214762","https://openalex.org/W4366481683","https://openalex.org/W4381051191","https://openalex.org/W4381137468","https://openalex.org/W4384499121","https://openalex.org/W4385753845","https://openalex.org/W4389737970","https://openalex.org/W4401832315","https://openalex.org/W4402445136","https://openalex.org/W4405903137","https://openalex.org/W4408289718","https://openalex.org/W7127047440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285496000","https://openalex.org/W4214819954","https://openalex.org/W2786369410","https://openalex.org/W2300771722","https://openalex.org/W4407791065","https://openalex.org/W4404092265","https://openalex.org/W2996757651","https://openalex.org/W7070688494","https://openalex.org/W3096833155","https://openalex.org/W4403924599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,175],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,11,16,166],"sustainable":[4,149,183,203],"and":[5,29,37,86,99,125,204],"high-performance":[6],"materials":[7,160],"emphasizes":[8],"the":[9,48,78,103,132,156,164,198],"need":[10],"more":[12,202],"efficient":[13],"production":[14,157,191],"methods":[15],"cellulose":[17],"nanocrystals":[18],"(CNCs).":[19],"Traditional":[20],"CNC":[21],"synthesis,":[22],"however,":[23],"often":[24],"requires":[25],"significant":[26,180],"energy":[27],"input":[28],"produces":[30],"harmful":[31],"by-products,":[32],"which":[33],"undermine":[34],"its":[35],"environmental":[36,194],"economic":[38],"viability.":[39],"In":[40],"response":[41],"to":[42,58,169,182],"this":[43,45,151],"challenge,":[44],"study":[46,176],"explores":[47],"use":[49],"of":[50,74,94,102,134,158],"an":[51],"eco-friendly":[52,159],"ammonium":[53],"persulfate":[54],"(APS)":[55],"oxidation":[56,136],"method":[57],"produce":[59],"CNCs":[60,69,104,140,190],"from":[61,141],"Pennisetum":[62],"purpureum":[63],"fibers.":[64],"findings":[66],"reveal":[67],"that":[68],"synthesized":[70],"at":[71],"a":[72,91,148,179,201],"temperature":[73],"60":[75],"\u00b0C":[76],"exhibited":[77],"highest":[79],"crystallinity":[80],"index":[81],"(72.62%),":[82],"optimal":[83],"surface":[84],"functionalization,":[85],"exceptional":[87],"mechanical":[88,100],"properties,":[89],"including":[90],"tensile":[92,126],"strength":[93,127],"18.44":[95],"MPa.The":[96],"structural,":[97],"chemical,":[98],"properties":[101],"were":[105],"comprehensively":[106],"evaluated":[107],"using":[108],"X-ray":[109,122],"diffraction":[110],"(XRD),":[111],"Fourier-transform":[112],"infrared":[113],"spectroscopy":[114,123],"(FTIR),":[115],"scanning":[116],"electron":[117],"microscopy":[118],"coupled":[119],"with":[120],"energy-dispersive":[121],"(SEM-EDX),":[124],"testing.":[128],"These":[129],"results":[130],"highlight":[131],"effectiveness":[133],"APS":[135],"in":[137,172],"producing":[138],"high-quality":[139],"readily":[142],"available":[143],"agricultural":[144,167],"biomass.":[145],"By":[146],"utilizing":[147],"approach,":[150],"research":[152],"not":[153],"only":[154],"advances":[155],"but":[161],"also":[162],"demonstrates":[163],"potential":[165],"waste":[168],"be":[170],"repurposed":[171],"nanotechnology":[173],"applications.":[174],"thus":[177],"makes":[178],"contribution":[181],"material":[184],"science,":[185],"providing":[186],"insights":[187],"into":[188],"improving":[189],"while":[192],"minimizing":[193],"impact,":[195],"ultimately":[196],"supporting":[197],"transition":[199],"towards":[200],"circular":[205],"economy.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
