{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127048722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","title":"The 340B Drug Pricing Program, Hospital Prices, and Competition in Commercial Markets","display_name":"The 340B Drug Pricing Program, Hospital Prices, and Competition in Commercial Markets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127048722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41621986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1475-6773.70085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2228914","display_name":"Health Services Research","issn_l":"0017-9124","issn":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114230589","display_name":"Sunita M. Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-5091","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-5091"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunita M. Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health NYU School of Medicine  New York USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-5091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health NYU School of Medicine  New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044926673","display_name":"Prianca Padmanabhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prianca Padmanabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health NYU School of Medicine  New York USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health NYU School of Medicine  New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124719772","display_name":"Kyle Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-8389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-8389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyle Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health NYU School of Medicine  New York USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-8389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health NYU School of Medicine  New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124741123","display_name":"Jessica Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-7252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-7252"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Care Cost Institute  Washington NW USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-7252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Care Cost Institute  Washington NW USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009614418","display_name":"J. Michael McWilliams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4866-862X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4866-862X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Michael McWilliams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA","Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114230589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0769,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9339132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"e70085","last_page":"e70085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.2727000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/340b-drug-pricing-program","display_name":"340B Drug Pricing Program","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-competition","display_name":"market competition","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herfindahl-hirschman-index","display_name":"Herfindahl-Hirschman index","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-reimbursement","display_name":"hospital reimbursement","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-volume","display_name":"drug volume","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-revenue","display_name":"drug revenue","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-cost-reduction","display_name":"hospital cost savings","score":0.4050000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7943999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910862244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240896","display_name":"Drug prices","level":2,"score":0.6438999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908795282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240896","display_name":"Drug pricing","level":2,"score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985380958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319676","display_name":"Market competition","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994141135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319676","display_name":"Economic competition","level":3,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993777677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Drug industry","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16051113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828814","display_name":"Market share","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26578527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183384","display_name":"Perfect competition","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003365","descriptor_name":"Costs and Cost Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004465","descriptor_name":"Economic Competition","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016527","descriptor_name":"Drug Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017721","descriptor_name":"Hospital Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017721","descriptor_name":"Hospital Costs","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1475-6773.70085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2228914","display_name":"Health Services Research","issn_l":"0017-9124","issn":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41621986","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41621986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health services research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12861591","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12861591/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Health Serv Res","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1475-6773.70085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1475-6773.70085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2228914","display_name":"Health Services Research","issn_l":"0017-9124","issn":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G333034067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K01HS026980","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","funder_display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315359","display_name":"Arnold Ventures","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332177","display_name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","ror":"https://ror.org/03jmfdf59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127048722.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127048722.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550818436","https://openalex.org/W1954876167","https://openalex.org/W2114032937","https://openalex.org/W2118836230","https://openalex.org/W2133478955","https://openalex.org/W2143082272","https://openalex.org/W2210601085","https://openalex.org/W2301997220","https://openalex.org/W2513403311","https://openalex.org/W2569164523","https://openalex.org/W2604339932","https://openalex.org/W2785033945","https://openalex.org/W3086674227","https://openalex.org/W3121492802","https://openalex.org/W3123265974","https://openalex.org/W3126016656","https://openalex.org/W3134579392","https://openalex.org/W3206995076","https://openalex.org/W4281869089","https://openalex.org/W4283017735","https://openalex.org/W4367597290","https://openalex.org/W4391160790","https://openalex.org/W4401022322"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"whether":[3,22],"hospital":[4,53,280],"eligibility":[5,46,170,214,259],"for":[6,14,48,69,88,158,276],"the":[7,44,73,109,128,139,159,192,199],"340b":[8],"drug":[9,95,156,185,247,254,262],"pricing":[10],"program":[11],"reduces":[12],"prices":[13,87,263],"clinician-administered":[15,70,155],"drugs":[16,71,161],"in":[17,72,182,205,246,265],"commercial":[18,121,261],"insurance":[19],"markets":[20,207],"and":[21,62,78,97,135,142,236,250,287],"effects":[23,233,252],"vary":[24],"by":[25,243],"market":[26,272],"competition.":[27],"STUDY":[28],"SETTING":[29],"AND":[30,101],"DESIGN:":[31],"We":[32,104],"conducted":[33],"a":[34,38,174,187,218,226],"quasi-experimental":[35],"study":[36,59],"using":[37],"regression":[39],"discontinuity":[40],"design":[41],"that":[42,67,271,278],"leverages":[43],"federal":[45],"threshold":[47,200],"340B":[49,169,258],"participation":[50],"(disproportionate":[51],"share":[52],"[DSH]":[54],"percentage":[55],">":[56],"11.75%).":[57],"The":[58,80,147],"included":[60,94],"non-profit":[61],"public":[63],"acute":[64],"care":[65],"hospitals":[66,152,197],"billed":[68],"outpatient":[74,90],"setting":[75],"between":[76],"2012":[77],"2014.":[79],"primary":[81],"outcome":[82],"was":[83,171,215],"hospital-insurer":[84],"negotiated":[85],"unit":[86,184],"high-spending":[89],"drugs.":[91],"Secondary":[92],"outcomes":[93],"volume":[96,248],"revenue.":[98,255],"DATA":[99],"SOURCES":[100],"ANALYTIC":[102],"SAMPLE:":[103],"analyzed":[105],"secondary":[106],"data":[107],"from":[108,118,127,138],"Health":[110],"Care":[111],"Cost":[112,130],"Institute":[113],"(HCCI),":[114],"which":[115],"includes":[116],"claims":[117,157],"three":[119],"national":[120],"insurers":[122],"linked":[123],"to":[124,180,191,224],"hospital-level":[125],"characteristics":[126],"Hospital":[129,168,257],"Report":[131],"Information":[132],"System":[133,145],"(HCRIS)":[134],"provider":[136],"identifiers":[137],"National":[140],"Plan":[141],"Provider":[143],"Enumeration":[144],"(NPPES).":[146],"analytic":[148],"sample":[149],"comprised":[150],"637":[151],"billing":[153],"148,037":[154],"five":[160],"with":[162,173,217,285],"highest":[163],"total":[164],"spending.":[165],"PRINCIPAL":[166],"FINDINGS:":[167],"associated":[172,216],"$605":[175],"reduction":[176,220],"(95%":[177,221],"CI:":[178,222],"-934":[179],"-276)":[181],"median":[183],"prices,":[186],"25%":[188],"decrease":[189],"relative":[190],"mean":[193],"price":[194],"among":[195],"ineligible":[196],"at":[198],"($2387).":[201],"Effects":[202],"were":[203,234,241],"concentrated":[204,231],"competitive":[206,266],"(Herfindahl-Hirschman":[208],"Index":[209],"[HHI]":[210],"\u2264":[211],"1800),":[212],"where":[213],"$793":[219],"-1197":[223],"-388),":[225],"32%":[227],"decrease.":[228],"In":[229],"highly":[230],"markets,":[232],"small":[235],"statistically":[237],"insignificant.":[238],"Price":[239],"reductions":[240],"offset":[242],"non-significant":[244],"increases":[245],"(25%)":[249],"neutral":[251],"on":[253],"CONCLUSIONS:":[256],"reduced":[260],"only":[264],"markets.":[267],"These":[268],"findings":[269],"suggest":[270],"competition":[273],"is":[274],"critical":[275],"ensuring":[277],"policy-driven":[279],"cost":[281],"savings":[282],"are":[283],"shared":[284],"payers":[286],"patients.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}