{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127048591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2026003","title":"Examining \u2018Necessity\u2019 of Provisional Measures in Investor-State Arbitrations","display_name":"Examining \u2018Necessity\u2019 of Provisional Measures in Investor-State Arbitrations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127048591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2026003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54648/joia2026003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2026003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2026003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159320808","display_name":"Journal of International Arbitration","issn_l":"0255-8106","issn":["0255-8106","2212-182X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Arbitration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124742885","display_name":"Sanika Kapse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanika Kapse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124742885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05074198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"Issue 1","first_page":"39","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12767","display_name":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisional-measures","display_name":"provisional measures","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-investment-arbitration","display_name":"investor-state arbitration","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irreparable-harm","display_name":"irreparable harm","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-centre-for-settlement-of-investment-disputes","display_name":"ICSID","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncitral","display_name":"UNCITRAL","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burden-of-proof","display_name":"burden of proof","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-probabilities","display_name":"balance of probabilities","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icsid-convention","display_name":"ICSID Convention","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncitral-model-law","display_name":"UNCITRAL Model Law","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895105","display_name":"Interim","level":2,"score":0.7746000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6775000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018185140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5286145","display_name":"Do no harm","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54648/joia2026003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2026003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2026003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159320808","display_name":"Journal of International Arbitration","issn_l":"0255-8106","issn":["0255-8106","2212-182X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of International Arbitration","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.833299994468689}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5731298923492432}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,10,34,38,53,58,66,97,108,136,144,163,170],"context":[2],"of":[3,12,19,44,55,60,78,87,89,99,103,118,120,132,143,151,158,165,172,200],"investor-state":[4],"arbitrations,":[5],"an":[6,42],"important":[7],"factor":[8],"determining":[9],"grant":[11,102,131],"provisional":[13],"or":[14,25,122,154],"interim":[15],"measures":[16,133,167],"is":[17],"that":[18,28,125,179],"\u2018necessity\u2019":[20],"to":[21,33,134],"prevent":[22],"irreparable":[23,90],"harm":[24,27,91,124],"substantial":[26,123],"may":[29,126],"likely":[30],"be":[31,127,176],"caused":[32],"requesting":[35,137],"party":[36,138],"pending":[37],"final":[39],"award.":[40],"Through":[41],"analysis":[43],"old":[45],"and":[46,65,73,188,197],"new":[47],"decisions,":[48],"this":[49,56],"paper":[50],"delves":[51],"into":[52],"development":[54],"criterion,":[57],"threshold":[59,153],"proof":[61],"required":[62],"for":[63,95,101,169],"it,":[64],"varying":[67],"interpretation":[68],"given":[69],"it":[70],"by":[71],"ICSID":[72,79,187],"UNCITRAL":[74,105,189],"tribunals.":[75],"The":[76],"majority":[77],"tribunals":[80,147],"follow":[81],"a":[82,113,155,185,194],"strict":[83],"approach,":[84,115],"i.e.,":[85,116],"assessment":[86,117,199],"risk":[88,119],"not":[92],"adequately":[93],"compensable,":[94],"verifying":[96],"existence":[98],"necessity":[100],"measures.":[104],"tribunals,":[106],"on":[107,162],"other":[109],"hand,":[110],"largely":[111],"take":[112],"lenient":[114],"material":[121],"remediable":[128],"later,":[129],"warranting":[130],"protect":[135],"from":[139],"gross":[140],"inconvenience.":[141],"Irrespective":[142],"approach":[145],"followed,":[146],"apply":[148],"either":[149],"the\u2018balance":[150],"probabilities\u2019":[152],"\u2018heightened":[156],"burden":[157],"proof\u2019":[159],"threshold,":[160],"depending":[161],"nature":[164],"specific":[166],"requested,":[168],"satisfaction":[171],"necessity.":[173,201],"It":[174],"should":[175],"noted,":[177],"however,":[178],"despite":[180],"their":[181],"different":[182],"approaches":[183],"overall,":[184],"few":[186],"tribunals\u2019":[190],"decisions":[191],"converge":[192],"towards":[193],"more":[195],"nuanced":[196],"flexible":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}