{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127044815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","title":"Prevalence of visual impairment in school-aged children (6\u201316 years) with special educational needs in Northern Mozambique: a cross-sectional study","display_name":"Prevalence of visual impairment in school-aged children (6\u201316 years) with special educational needs in Northern Mozambique: a cross-sectional study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127044815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042889","display_name":"Discover Public Health","issn_l":"3005-0774","issn":["3005-0774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008747798","display_name":"Isaura Ilorena d\u2019Alva Brito dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-7606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-7606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16904388","display_name":"Eduardo Mondlane University","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8n9378","country_code":"MZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16904388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR","MZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaura Ilorena d\u2019Alva Brito dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Salvador Allende Av. 702, PO Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique","Department of Management, Policy and Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-7606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Salvador Allende Av. 702, PO Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16904388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Policy and Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 - Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032751950","display_name":"Avelino Nelson Mazuze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-3072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-3072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129864162","display_name":"L\u00fario University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbnrq14","country_code":"MZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129864162"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137384","display_name":"Centre for Health Technology and Services Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0434vme59","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137384"]}],"countries":["MZ","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avelino Nelson Filipe Mazuze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision, Centre for Re-search in Technology and Health Services Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, L\u00fario University, Nampula City, 3100, Mozambique"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-3072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision, Centre for Re-search in Technology and Health Services Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210137384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, L\u00fario University, Nampula City, 3100, Mozambique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129864162"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124740770","display_name":"Dalton Da Costa Amaral Guiador","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalton Da Costa Amaral Guiador","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00d3ptica Pro, Lda, Zimpeto square, Av. De Mo\u00e7ambique, national street N\u20701, Maputo, Mozambique"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00d3ptica Pro, Lda, Zimpeto square, Av. De Mo\u00e7ambique, national street N\u20701, Maputo, Mozambique","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005811267","display_name":"Duln\u00e9rio Barbosa Sengo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-7589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-7589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146479","display_name":"Instituto Superior de Ciencias de Saude","ror":"https://ror.org/04dqppw26","country_code":"MZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146479"]}],"countries":["MZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duln\u00e9rio Barbosa Sengo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade, Av. Tom\u00e1s Nduda nr. 977 RC., P.O. Box:3696, Maputo, Mozambique"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-7589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade, Av. Tom\u00e1s Nduda nr. 977 RC., P.O. Box:3696, Maputo, Mozambique","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060515548","display_name":"Ngozika Esther Ezinne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-0213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-0213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088717","display_name":"University of the West Indies","ror":"https://ror.org/003kgv736","country_code":"TT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137799390","https://openalex.org/I4210088717"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU","TT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngozika Esther Ezinne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia","Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018132041","display_name":"Michael Agyemang Kwarteng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-315X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-315X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088717","display_name":"University of the West Indies","ror":"https://ror.org/003kgv736","country_code":"TT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137799390","https://openalex.org/I4210088717"]}],"countries":["TT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Agyemang Kwarteng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071526568","display_name":"Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-6914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1727-6914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["AU","ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia","Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071526568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965","https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4714,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89980003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"visual impairment","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-educational-needs","display_name":"special educational needs","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-with-disabilities","display_name":"children with disabilities","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-error","display_name":"refractive error","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperopia","display_name":"hyperopia","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-abnormalities","display_name":"ocular abnormalities","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"blindness","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-acuity","display_name":"visual acuity","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-screening","display_name":"vision screening","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-education","display_name":"inclusive education","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-mozambique","display_name":"northern Mozambique","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781372952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visual impairment","level":2,"score":0.8348000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781135284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470427","display_name":"Refractive error","level":3,"score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6394000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5457000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780773893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767669","display_name":"Vision disorder","level":4,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776148792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041498","display_name":"Eye disease","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777155141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796207","display_name":"Eye examination","level":3,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113520495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359854","display_name":"Posterior segment of eyeball","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776206778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7761689","display_name":"Special needs","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983447183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Low vision","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042889","display_name":"Discover Public Health","issn_l":"3005-0774","issn":["3005-0774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12982-026-01428-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407042889","display_name":"Discover Public Health","issn_l":"3005-0774","issn":["3005-0774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8856053352355957,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329626","display_name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Tecnologias e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade","ror":"https://ror.org/0434vme59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127044815.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127044815.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023559680","https://openalex.org/W2033416213","https://openalex.org/W2044502430","https://openalex.org/W2072175453","https://openalex.org/W2089162513","https://openalex.org/W2109377267","https://openalex.org/W2123215356","https://openalex.org/W2148039314","https://openalex.org/W2151764907","https://openalex.org/W2157216017","https://openalex.org/W2168486545","https://openalex.org/W2761604622","https://openalex.org/W2765989435","https://openalex.org/W2890964069","https://openalex.org/W2892906463","https://openalex.org/W2893537873","https://openalex.org/W2922467395","https://openalex.org/W2969572027","https://openalex.org/W2997340670","https://openalex.org/W3013331576","https://openalex.org/W3016137745","https://openalex.org/W3110220146","https://openalex.org/W3125769250","https://openalex.org/W3159358502","https://openalex.org/W4229002036","https://openalex.org/W4232527520","https://openalex.org/W4281700272","https://openalex.org/W4286496624","https://openalex.org/W4291690427","https://openalex.org/W4323059804","https://openalex.org/W4385985744","https://openalex.org/W4398252653","https://openalex.org/W4401836804"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"cross-sectional":[1],"study":[2,229],"investigated":[3],"the":[4,57,99,139,224,250,258],"prevalence":[5,166,243],"and":[6,35,47,67,78,81,83,102,110,117,124,135,188,276],"associated":[7],"risk":[8],"factors":[9],"of":[10,26,138,158,167,206,244,278],"visual":[11,74],"impairment":[12],"(VI)":[13,91],"in":[14,21,49,98,172,178,196,208,236,266],"school-age":[15],"children":[16,173,197,232,270],"with":[17,30,174,198,221,233,246,271],"special":[18,234],"educational":[19],"needs":[20,235],"northern":[22,237],"Mozambique.":[23],"A":[24],"total":[25],"142":[27],"children,":[28],"both":[29],"(":[31,37,211],"n":[32,38],"=":[33,39,216],"64)":[34],"without":[36,180],"78)":[40],"disabilities,":[41],"aged":[42],"6":[43],"to":[44,52,151,269,281],"16":[45],"years":[46],"enrolled":[48],"grades":[50],"1":[51],"12,":[53],"were":[54,87,141,149,192],"recruited":[55],"at":[56,163],"Josina":[58],"Machel":[59],"Inclusive":[60],"Education":[61],"Resource":[62],"Center":[63],"(CREI)":[64],"between":[65,107,114,121,154],"January":[66],"June":[68],"2019.":[69],"Comprehensive":[70],"eye":[71,101],"examinations,":[72],"including":[73],"acuity":[75],"(VA)":[76],"testing,cycloplegic":[77],"subjective":[79],"refraction,":[80],"anterior":[82],"posterior":[84],"segment":[85],"examinationt,":[86],"conducted.":[88],"Visual":[89],"Impairment":[90],"was":[92,128,161,169,202],"defined":[93,129],"based":[94],"on":[95],"presenting":[96],"VA":[97,131],"better":[100],"categorised":[103],"into":[104],"mild":[105],"(VA":[106,113,120],"<":[108,115,122,132,183,213],"6/12":[109],"6/18),":[111],"moderate":[112],"6/18":[116],"6/60),":[118],"severe":[119],"6/60":[123],"3/60)":[125],"VI,":[126,245],"Blindness":[127],"as":[130],"3/60.Demographic":[133],"information":[134],"medical":[136],"history":[137],"participants":[140],"recorded.":[142],"Multivariable":[143],"analysis":[144],"using":[145],"bivariate":[146],"logistic":[147],"regression":[148],"performed":[150],"determine":[152],"associations":[153],"variables.":[155],"The":[156,165,228],"level":[157],"statistical":[159],"significance":[160],"set":[162],"5%.":[164],"VI":[168,207],"significantly":[170,241],"higher":[171,242],"disabilities":[175,272],"(25.0%)":[176],"than":[177],"those":[179],"(2.6%;":[181],"p":[182,212],"0.001).":[184],"Refractive":[185,200],"errors":[186,280],"(68.8%)":[187],"ocular":[189],"anomalies":[190],"(20.3%)":[191],"also":[193],"more":[194],"common":[195],"disabilities.":[199],"error":[201,248],"a":[203,240],"significant":[204,252],"predictor":[205],"this":[209],"group":[210],"0.001;":[214],"AOR":[215],"10.91,":[217],"95%":[218],"CI":[219],"4.73\u201325.15),":[220],"hyperopia":[222],"being":[223,249],"most":[225,251],"prevalent":[226],"type.":[227],"found":[230],"that":[231],"Mozambique":[238],"have":[239],"refractive":[247,279],"factor":[253],".":[254],"These":[255],"findings":[256],"emphasize":[257],"critical":[259],"need":[260],"for":[261,273],"periodic":[262],"vision":[263],"screening":[264],"programs":[265],"schools":[267],"catering":[268],"early":[274],"detection":[275],"management":[277],"prevent":[282],"or":[283],"minimize":[284],"VI.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}