{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127043604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","title":"Gallic acid improves the bactericidal efficacy of tylosin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broilers in Babylon Province, Iraq","display_name":"Gallic acid improves the bactericidal efficacy of tylosin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broilers in Babylon Province, Iraq","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127043604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42375268","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13313915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764524492","display_name":"Open Veterinary Journal","issn_l":"2218-6050","issn":["2218-6050","2226-4485"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-1","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310998","host_organization_name":"University of Tripoli","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tripoli"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Veterinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7127043604"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081862256","display_name":"Zahraa M. Ayad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-3084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-3084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256416","display_name":"Al-Qasim Green University","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5pz44","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zahraa Ayad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036131302","display_name":"Ali I. Al-ameedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-1365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-1365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256416","display_name":"Al-Qasim Green University","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5pz44","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Al-ameedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095295456","display_name":"Walaa Farhan Obaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1524-3352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1524-3352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256416","display_name":"Al-Qasim Green University","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5pz44","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walaa Obaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083178286","display_name":"Bareq A. Al-lateef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256416","display_name":"Al-Qasim Green University","ror":"https://ror.org/044j5pz44","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bareq Al-lateef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq","Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081862256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256416"],"apc_list":{"value":350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":350},"apc_paid":{"value":350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":350},"fwci":3.5869,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85498186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"157","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.5346999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.5346999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.32589998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.07209999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallic-acid","display_name":"gallic acid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tylosin","display_name":"tylosin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-antibacterial-activity","display_name":"synergistic antibacterial activity","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bactericidal-activity","display_name":"bactericidal activity","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-inhibitory-concentration","display_name":"minimum inhibitory concentration","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bactericidal-concentration","display_name":"minimum bactericidal concentration","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/16s-rrna-gene-identification","display_name":"16S rRNA identification","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/babylon-province","display_name":"Babylon Province","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375837","display_name":"Gallic acid","level":3,"score":0.9598000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780514615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411462","display_name":"Tylosin","level":3,"score":0.948199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.65420001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26381139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1158816","display_name":"Minimum bactericidal concentration","level":4,"score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5203999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.47620001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176947019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597889","display_name":"Minimum inhibitory concentration","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184112429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476174","display_name":"Serial dilution","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019249092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274493","display_name":"Antibacterial agent","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780950330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903614","display_name":"Broth microdilution","level":4,"score":0.2721000015735626}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005707","descriptor_name":"Gallic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011201","descriptor_name":"Poultry Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011201","descriptor_name":"Poultry Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013203","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013203","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013203","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015645","descriptor_name":"Tylosin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764524492","display_name":"Open Veterinary Journal","issn_l":"2218-6050","issn":["2218-6050","2226-4485"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-1","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310998","host_organization_name":"University of Tripoli","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tripoli"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Veterinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13313915","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13313915/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13313915/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Vet J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42375268","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42375268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open veterinary journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b703ae0087784fccaf128b44d3c8724d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b703ae0087784fccaf128b44d3c8724d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Open Veterinary Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 157-164 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2026.v16.i1.15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764524492","display_name":"Open Veterinary Journal","issn_l":"2218-6050","issn":["2218-6050","2226-4485"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jpps-1","medline","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310998","host_organization_name":"University of Tripoli","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Tripoli"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Veterinary Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.6875,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127043604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127043604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964914252","https://openalex.org/W1998855247","https://openalex.org/W2012289804","https://openalex.org/W2066754309","https://openalex.org/W2068041880","https://openalex.org/W2068401944","https://openalex.org/W2096439168","https://openalex.org/W2102274033","https://openalex.org/W2137295250","https://openalex.org/W2159424317","https://openalex.org/W2160000759","https://openalex.org/W2162872161","https://openalex.org/W2417264979","https://openalex.org/W2481600564","https://openalex.org/W2513117848","https://openalex.org/W2521967188","https://openalex.org/W2625133780","https://openalex.org/W2733572144","https://openalex.org/W2756445615","https://openalex.org/W2777786909","https://openalex.org/W2886285118","https://openalex.org/W2907631424","https://openalex.org/W2987089052","https://openalex.org/W3003624872","https://openalex.org/W3005961939","https://openalex.org/W3016600453","https://openalex.org/W3085141094","https://openalex.org/W3091936707","https://openalex.org/W3103800752","https://openalex.org/W3106458256","https://openalex.org/W3126225059","https://openalex.org/W3163596674","https://openalex.org/W3189128367","https://openalex.org/W3199469962","https://openalex.org/W3210890336","https://openalex.org/W4206677002","https://openalex.org/W4294668587","https://openalex.org/W4309484777","https://openalex.org/W4318050004","https://openalex.org/W4388904230","https://openalex.org/W4401057293","https://openalex.org/W4402067186","https://openalex.org/W4412639751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187796070","https://openalex.org/W2371159260","https://openalex.org/W4402067186","https://openalex.org/W4413473542","https://openalex.org/W2557013195","https://openalex.org/W2232863498","https://openalex.org/W7163177879","https://openalex.org/W1931193379","https://openalex.org/W2100406929","https://openalex.org/W7134187028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,73,131,151,167,180,200],"use":[2],"and":[3,12,39,54,68,108,144,149,157,163,170,204,214],"abuse":[4],"of":[5,24,51,61,146,182,197,202,236,249],"antimicrobials":[6],"in":[7,231,254],"poultry":[8],"products,":[9,11],"dairy":[10],"beef":[13],"cattle":[14],"is":[15,33],"a":[16,192,232,255],"growing":[17],"global":[18],"concern.":[19],"Furthermore,":[20,111],"with":[21,191,228],"the":[22,48,59,79,87,92,99,141,239,246],"rise":[23],"bacterial":[25],"resistance":[26],"to":[27,35,46,57,85,112,139,187,210],"these":[28],"drugs,":[29],"an":[30],"innovative":[31],"approach":[32,76],"needed":[34],"reduce":[36],"antimicrobial":[37],"doses":[38],"eradicate":[40],"resistance.":[41],"Aim:":[42],"This":[43,64],"study":[44,65],"aimed":[45],"investigate":[47],"antibacterial":[49,142,159,247],"properties":[50],"gallic":[52,147,155,183,224],"acid":[53,148,156,184,225,244],"its":[55],"potential":[56],"enhance":[58],"efficacy":[60],"tylosin.":[62,150],"Methods:":[63],"morphologically,":[66,168],"biochemically,":[67,169],"molecularly":[69,171],"identified":[70,105,119,128],"S.":[71,121,173,252],"aureus.":[72],"molecular":[74],"diagnostic":[75],"relied":[77],"upon":[78],"polymerase":[80],"chain":[81],"reaction":[82],"(PCR)":[83],"test":[84],"identify":[86],"Staphylococcus":[88],"genus":[89],"by":[90,106,129],"determining":[91],"main":[93],"specific":[94],"gene,":[95],"16s":[96],"rRNA.":[97],"Of":[98],"30":[100],"isolates,":[101],"20":[102],"were":[103,117,127,176,221],"positively":[104,118],"biochemical":[107],"traditional":[109],"methods.":[110],"ensure":[113],"that":[114],"all":[115],"isolates":[116,175],"as":[120],"aureus":[122,174,253],"species,":[123],"10":[124],"random":[125],"samples":[126],"PCR.":[130],"tube":[132],"dilution":[133],"method":[134],"will":[135],"then":[136],"be":[137,188,211],"used":[138],"determine":[140],"MIC":[143,181,203],"MBC":[145,205],"second":[152],"step":[153],"assessed":[154],"tylosin":[158,207],"synergy":[160],"using":[161],"checkerboard":[162],"Chou-Talalay":[164],"techniques.":[165],"Results:":[166],"PCR-identified":[172],"approved":[177],"for":[178,206],"investigation.":[179],"was":[185,208,226],"determined":[186],"4":[189],"\u03bcg/ml,":[190],"minimum":[193],"bactericidal":[194],"concentration":[195],"(MBC)":[196],"8":[198,213],"\u03bcg/ml.":[199,216],"range":[201],"found":[209],"between":[212],"16":[215],"In":[217],"addition,":[218],"synergistic":[219],"interactions":[220],"reported":[222],"when":[223],"coupled":[227],"tylosin,":[229],"resulting":[230],"record":[233],"FIC":[234],"value":[235],"0.357":[237],"against":[238,251],"tested":[240],"isolate.":[241],"Conclusion:":[242],"Gallic":[243],"synergizes":[245],"action":[248],"tyrosine":[250],"sub-MIC":[256],"concentration.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}