{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127041127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","title":"Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Traditional Chinese Medicine Eye-based Diagnostic Systems and Clinical Disease in Horses","display_name":"Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Traditional Chinese Medicine Eye-based Diagnostic Systems and Clinical Disease in Horses","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127041127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59565/001c.154712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","pdf_url":"https://ajtcvm.scholasticahq.com/article/154712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290037","display_name":"American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","issn_l":"1945-7677","issn":["1945-7677","1945-7693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ajtcvm.scholasticahq.com/article/154712.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Allison Marshall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Full Circle Veterinary Services PC, Mechanicsville, Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Full Circle Veterinary Services PC, Mechanicsville, Virginia, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113478798","display_name":"Huisheng Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huisheng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chi University, Reddick, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chi University, Reddick, Florida, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021429632","display_name":"Aituan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-0393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-0393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aituan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111739122","display_name":"Deng\u2010Shan Shiau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5555-4839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5555-4839"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng-Shan Shiau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chi University, Reddick, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chi University, Reddick, Florida, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06937495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10872","display_name":"Veterinary Equine Medical Research","score":0.023900000378489494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3402","display_name":"Equine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11327","display_name":"Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horses","display_name":"horses","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-examination","display_name":"eye examination","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.9390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206179267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188952","display_name":"Medical history","level":2,"score":0.5073000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983449737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Clinical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527108885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835153","display_name":"Physical examination","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992264114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394551","display_name":"Clinical disease","level":3,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992897362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188952","display_name":"Clinical history","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018875020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1441305","display_name":"Signs and symptoms","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018799218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188193","display_name":"Organ system","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59565/001c.154712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","pdf_url":"https://ajtcvm.scholasticahq.com/article/154712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290037","display_name":"American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","issn_l":"1945-7677","issn":["1945-7677","1945-7693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59565/001c.154712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59565/001c.154712","pdf_url":"https://ajtcvm.scholasticahq.com/article/154712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387290037","display_name":"American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","issn_l":"1945-7677","issn":["1945-7677","1945-7693"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.5830848813056946,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127041127.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127041127.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,207],"study":[1,153,208],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,42,47,63,67,84,88,91,173,190,214,231],"diagnostic":[4,13,50,107,111,123,141,181,193],"accuracy":[5,73,142],"of":[6,37,46,58,75,180],"three":[7,92,105,191,215],"traditional":[8],"Chinese":[9],"medicine":[10],"(TCM)":[11],"eye-based":[12,192],"systems":[14,93,108,194],"(Wu":[15],"Lun,":[16],"Ba":[17,19,129,131,159,161],"Kuo,":[18,160],"Gua)":[20],"and":[21,62,87,133,196,203,226,233],"equine":[22,242],"clinical":[23,64,150,204,224,243],"disease.":[24],"An":[25,70],"ocular":[26,217],"exam":[27],"was":[28,81],"performed":[29],"on":[30,97,147,199],"103":[31],"horses":[32],"which":[33],"included":[34],"photo":[35],"documentation":[36],"both":[38],"eyes.":[39],"Findings":[40],"from":[41],"exam,":[43],"using":[44],"each":[45,76],"different":[48],"TCM":[49,77,216],"systems,":[51],"were":[52,94,143],"compared":[53],"to":[54,241],"known":[55],"medical":[56,102,177,201],"history":[57,202],"a":[59,98,148,238],"subject":[60,99],"horse":[61,232],"presentation":[65,151],"during":[66],"enrollment":[68],"visit.":[69],"overall":[71,110],"diagnosis":[72],"score":[74,182],"eye":[78,106],"assessment":[79],"system":[80],"evaluated":[82],"against":[83],"chance":[85,122],"level,":[86],"differences":[89,188],"among":[90,189],"compared.":[95],"Based":[96],"horse\u2019s":[100],"past":[101,176,200],"history,":[103],"all":[104,166],"had":[109],"scores":[112],"significantly":[113],"greater":[114],"than":[115,121,172],"0":[116],"(null":[117],"hypothesis),":[118],"demonstrating":[119],"better":[120],"accuracy:":[124],"p=5.8\u00d710-13,":[125],"1.9\u00d710-13,":[126],"9.4\u00d710-11":[127],"for":[128,140,158,175],"Gua,":[130,162],"Kuo":[132],"Wu":[134,163],"Lun":[135,164],"respectively.":[136],"Statistically":[137],"significant":[138,187],"findings":[139,212],"also":[144],"obtained":[145],"based":[146,198],"subject\u2019s":[149],"at":[152],"enrollment:":[154],"p=8.2\u00d710-15,":[155],"3.0\u00d710-14,":[156],"5.3\u00d710-13":[157],"respectively;":[165],"with":[167],"smaller":[168],"p-values":[169],"(more":[170],"significant)":[171],"results":[174],"history.":[178],"Comparison":[179],"outcomes":[183],"did":[184],"not":[185],"reveal":[186],"(p=1.000":[195],"0.243,":[197],"presentation,":[205],"respectively).":[206],"provides":[209],"early":[210],"evidence-based":[211],"that":[213],"assessments":[218],"could":[219],"prove":[220],"helpful":[221],"in":[222,230],"diagnosing":[223],"disease":[225],"Zang-fu":[227],"organ":[228],"imbalance":[229],"should":[234],"be":[235],"considered":[236],"as":[237],"useful":[239],"adjunct":[240],"TCVM":[244],"examinations.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}