{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127038671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","title":"Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease-related plasma proteins, independently of obstruction","display_name":"Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease-related plasma proteins, independently of obstruction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127038671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41622130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103738789","display_name":"Clinical Proteomics","issn_l":"1542-6416","issn":["1542-6416","1559-0275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Proteomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068985003","display_name":"Suneela Zaigham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-5665","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-5665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suneela Zaigham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden. suneela.zaigham@medsci.uu.se","Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. suneela.zaigham@medsci.uu.se"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden. suneela.zaigham@medsci.uu.se","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. suneela.zaigham@medsci.uu.se","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124720044","display_name":"Xingwu Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005934802","display_name":"Magnus Dencker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-3712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-3712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Dencker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049556647","display_name":"Sophia Frantz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-2077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-2077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137844","display_name":"Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02z31g829","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophia Frantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","Department of research, development, education and innovation, HTA syd, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of research, development, education and innovation, HTA syd, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056267327","display_name":"Morten Kraen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-4766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-4766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morten Kraen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124701849","display_name":"Per Wollmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Wollmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124744117","display_name":"Andrei Malinovschi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Malinovschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068985003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679","https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0576524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13522","display_name":"Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusing-capacity-for-carbon-monoxide","display_name":"diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-proteins","display_name":"plasma proteins","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgf23","display_name":"fibroblast growth factor 23","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-metalloproteinase-12","display_name":"matrix metalloproteinase-12","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-differentiation-factor-15","display_name":"growth differentiation factor 15","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adipocyte-fatty-acid-binding-protein","display_name":"adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urokinase-type-plasminogen-activator-receptor","display_name":"urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist","display_name":"interleukin-1 receptor antagonist","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trail-receptor-2","display_name":"TRAIL receptor 2","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renin","display_name":"renin","score":0.9449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.7766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165637977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067835","display_name":"Diffusing capacity","level":4,"score":0.7343000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512735826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025","display_name":"Carbon monoxide","level":3,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5275999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146543888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425056","display_name":"Blood proteins","level":2,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909063161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11067835","display_name":"Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity","level":5,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020079912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3918988","display_name":"Plasma concentration","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776575606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79749","display_name":"Blood plasma","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103738789","display_name":"Clinical Proteomics","issn_l":"1542-6416","issn":["1542-6416","1559-0275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Proteomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41622130","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41622130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical proteomics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-582063","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-582063","pdf_url":"https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2045825/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400653","display_name":"Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:0fd5104f-ce04-4ebb-a1d2-e2962eaf34de","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/0fd5104f-ce04-4ebb-a1d2-e2962eaf34de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1542-6416","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12927244","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12927244/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Clin Proteomics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-026-09584-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103738789","display_name":"Clinical Proteomics","issn_l":"1542-6416","issn":["1542-6416","1559-0275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Proteomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5170069730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322169","funder_display_name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322169","display_name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/052261q33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324119","display_name":"Uppsala Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66477416","https://openalex.org/W1972511676","https://openalex.org/W1980828309","https://openalex.org/W2010084870","https://openalex.org/W2016743738","https://openalex.org/W2023889652","https://openalex.org/W2041912691","https://openalex.org/W2045278666","https://openalex.org/W2061538346","https://openalex.org/W2070522972","https://openalex.org/W2077811143","https://openalex.org/W2097686700","https://openalex.org/W2110287460","https://openalex.org/W2127188787","https://openalex.org/W2131202564","https://openalex.org/W2135588352","https://openalex.org/W2141922649","https://openalex.org/W2144541431","https://openalex.org/W2155890545","https://openalex.org/W2160639837","https://openalex.org/W2162614795","https://openalex.org/W2320283331","https://openalex.org/W2345765201","https://openalex.org/W2529622177","https://openalex.org/W2545266774","https://openalex.org/W2597997532","https://openalex.org/W2601695617","https://openalex.org/W2755145368","https://openalex.org/W2794396024","https://openalex.org/W2799549591","https://openalex.org/W2804346271","https://openalex.org/W2916747909","https://openalex.org/W2969366096","https://openalex.org/W2994597783","https://openalex.org/W3006080825","https://openalex.org/W3042117615","https://openalex.org/W3095795825","https://openalex.org/W3107948407","https://openalex.org/W3125347318","https://openalex.org/W3155657194","https://openalex.org/W3184579305","https://openalex.org/W3202543439","https://openalex.org/W3204148388","https://openalex.org/W4220717326","https://openalex.org/W4226014956","https://openalex.org/W4311304376","https://openalex.org/W4318070696","https://openalex.org/W4366822164","https://openalex.org/W4385706934"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"There":[2],"are":[3],"known":[4,261],"associations":[5,41],"between":[6,42],"cardiovascular":[7,90,262],"disease":[8,291],"(CVD)-related":[9],"plasma":[10,47,243],"proteins":[11,48,59,141,157,244,278,285],"and":[12,33,45,83,89,95,125,221,257,271],"spirometry":[13,67,234,256],"measures.":[14],"Diffusing":[15],"capacity":[16],"for":[17,76,260,289],"carbon":[18],"monoxide":[19],"(D":[20],"LCO":[21,44,71,146,249],")":[22],"measures":[23],"gas":[24,282,296],"exchange":[25],"that":[26],"can":[27],"be":[28,268],"impaired":[29,295],"both":[30],"by":[31],"lung":[32],"heart":[34],"diseases.":[35],"We":[36,138],"aimed":[37],"to":[38,129,294],"study":[39],"the":[40,119,269,277],"D":[43,70,145,248],"CVD-linked":[46,58,242],"in":[49,62,250,281],"a":[50,99,131],"population-based":[51],"cohort":[52],"without":[53,252],"airflow":[54,253],"obstruction.":[55],"Methods":[56],"89":[57],"were":[60,74,127,245],"analysed":[61],"427":[63],"individuals":[64],"who":[65],"underwent":[66],"examination":[68],"with":[69,112,144,231,247],"measurement.":[72],"Analyses":[73],"adjusted":[75],"age,":[77],"gender,":[78],"height,":[79],"weight,":[80],"smoking":[81],"status":[82],"pack":[84],"years,":[85],"plates,":[86],"storage":[87],"time":[88],"morbidity":[91],"(carotid":[92],"plaques,":[93],"hypertension":[94],"cardiac":[96],"medication).":[97],"Furthermore,":[98],"sensitivity":[100],"analysis":[101],"(":[102],"n":[103],"=":[104],"362)":[105],"was":[106],"carried":[107],"out":[108],"after":[109,148,227,258],"excluding":[110,229],"subjects":[111,230,251],"an":[113],"FEV":[114],"1":[115,236],"/VC":[116,237],"ratio":[117],"<":[118,238],"lower":[120],"limit":[121],"of":[122,155,274,276],"normal":[123],"(LLN)":[124],"steps":[126],"taken":[128],"ensure":[130],"false":[132],"discovery":[133],"rate":[134],"under":[135],"5%.":[136],"Results":[137],"found":[139],"18":[140],"negatively":[142],"associated":[143,246],"%predicted":[147],"full":[149],"adjustments":[150,259],"(GLI":[151],"reference":[152],"equations).":[153],"Eleven":[154],"these":[156],"(Fibroblast":[158],"growth":[159],"factor":[160,176],"23":[161],"(estimated":[162],"coefficients,":[163],"(adjusted":[164],"p-value)):":[165],"-0.010":[166],"(<":[167,172,179,189,203,209],"0.001),":[168,173,180,190,204,210],"Matrix":[169],"metalloproteinase-12;":[170],"-0.011":[171],"Growth":[174],"differentiation":[175],"15:":[177],"-0.008":[178,208,219],"C-C":[181],"motif":[182],"chemokine":[183],"20:":[184],"-0.013":[185],"(0.006),":[186],"Interleukin-6:":[187],"-0.014":[188],"Fatty":[191],"acid-binding":[192],"protein,":[193],"adipocyte":[194],"\u2212":[195],"0.007":[196],"(0.001),":[197,217],"Urokinase-type":[198],"plasminogen":[199],"activator":[200],"receptor:":[201],"-0.004":[202],"Interleukin-1":[205],"receptor":[206,214],"antagonist:":[207],"TNF-related":[211],"apoptosis-inducing":[212],"ligand":[213],"2:":[215],"-0.005":[216],"Renin:":[218],"(0.03)":[220],"Spondin-1:":[222],"-0.003":[223],"(0.03))":[224],"remained":[225],"significant":[226],"further":[228],"obstruction":[232,254],"on":[233,255],"(FEV":[235],"LLN).":[239],"Conclusions":[240],"Several":[241],"morbidity.":[263],"The":[264],"likely":[265],"explanations":[266],"may":[267],"pro-fibrotic":[270],"pro-inflammatory":[272],"nature":[273],"many":[275],"causing":[279],"changes":[280],"exchange.":[283,297],"These":[284],"could":[286],"potentially":[287],"signal":[288],"early":[290],"mechanisms":[292],"leading":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}