{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127038294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","title":"Federated learning for heterogeneous electronic health record systems with cost effective participant selection","display_name":"Federated learning for heterogeneous electronic health record systems with cost effective participant selection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127038294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41622329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38299-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38299-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041027404","display_name":"Junsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-7978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-7978","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-5962","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-6468","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-4891","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-9218","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-9936","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-5673","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4866-5979","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-6593","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-0846","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7798-3381","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-1299","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-8589","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-7434","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-1060","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-8422","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-9154","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-380X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-3112","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-3425","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-1918","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-3348","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-0864","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4502-3888","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4719-1228","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4195-3479","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5284-1149","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1293-6458","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3155-3540","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5491-4043","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6042-6185","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6538-6829","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1567-0108","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6039-259X","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5210-6028","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5905-1883","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7109-7948","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0714-2828","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2040-8889","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6078-183X","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0865-1162","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2810-1336","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8957-388X","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9255-3345","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2254-6382","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6143-915X","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9334-1325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyoun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041027404","display_name":"Junsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-7978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-7978","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-5962","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-6468","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-4891","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-9218","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-9936","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-5673","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4866-5979","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-6593","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-0846","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7798-3381","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-1299","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9955-8589","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-7434","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3784-1060","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-8422","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-9154","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-380X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-3112","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-3425","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8755-1918","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-3348","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-0864","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4502-3888","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4719-1228","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4195-3479","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5284-1149","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1293-6458","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3155-3540","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5491-4043","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6042-6185","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6538-6829","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1567-0108","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6039-259X","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5210-6028","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5905-1883","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7109-7948","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0714-2828","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2040-8889","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6078-183X","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0865-1162","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2810-1336","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8957-388X","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9255-3345","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2254-6382","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6143-915X","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9334-1325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017880003","display_name":"Kyunghoon Hur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8808-0812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8808-0812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyunghoon Hur","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034622258","display_name":"Edward Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5958-3509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5958-3509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. edwardchoi@kaist.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. edwardchoi@kaist.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034622258"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":10.6551,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97816108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"6876","last_page":"6876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7437000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7437000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.2538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"federated learning","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-choice","display_name":"participant selection","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-embeddings","display_name":"patient embeddings","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"differential privacy","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-prediction","display_name":"clinical prediction","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-privacy","display_name":"patient privacy","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readmission-prediction","display_name":"readmission prediction","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.8626000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5378000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4632999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.4368000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8505890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605095","display_name":"Budget constraint","level":2,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189474733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917912","display_name":"Model building","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305062","display_name":"Multiple Models","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38299-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6924747/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6924747/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6924747/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6924747/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:41622329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41622329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.13318","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.13318","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.13318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d63d13941abc4d16a3e2de03a37789cf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d63d13941abc4d16a3e2de03a37789cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 16, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12917119","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12917119/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.13318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.13318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.13318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38299-9","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38299-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.559357762336731,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1337196915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00262527","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3341154195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR21C0198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","funder_display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3444300927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00262527","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3736587842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-II190075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812690899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4468082379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2019-II190075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6303376894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR21C0198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7731309386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR21C0198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8157424046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020H1D3A2A03100945","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322107","display_name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00fdzyk40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127038294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127038294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157365260","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2891400669","https://openalex.org/W2940524603","https://openalex.org/W2951635356","https://openalex.org/W2963650911","https://openalex.org/W2971538598","https://openalex.org/W2977072935","https://openalex.org/W3012501605","https://openalex.org/W3118996476","https://openalex.org/W3169303944","https://openalex.org/W3199454406","https://openalex.org/W3210129127","https://openalex.org/W3211229017","https://openalex.org/W4223934638","https://openalex.org/W4292148537","https://openalex.org/W4310045617","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4321062766","https://openalex.org/W4324311136","https://openalex.org/W4360988962","https://openalex.org/W4387996976","https://openalex.org/W4391684618","https://openalex.org/W4392157835","https://openalex.org/W4405283777"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"volume":[2],"of":[3,17,116,152,183,211],"electronic":[4],"health":[5],"records":[6],"(EHRs)":[7],"presents":[8],"the":[9,13,113,181,209],"opportunity":[10],"to":[11,53,58,179],"improve":[12],"accuracy":[14],"and":[15,40,93,167,230],"robustness":[16],"models":[18,56,223],"in":[19,104],"clinical":[20],"prediction":[21],"tasks.":[22],"Unlike":[23],"traditional":[24],"centralized":[25],"approaches,":[26],"federated":[27,69,74,96,117,135],"learning":[28,75,97,118,136],"enables":[29],"training":[30],"on":[31,174,203],"data":[32,165],"from":[33],"multiple":[34,204],"institutions":[35,48,108,218],"while":[36,112],"preserving":[37],"patient":[38,147,176,194,200],"privacy":[39],"complying":[41],"with":[42,227],"regulatory":[43],"constraints.":[44,101],"In":[45],"practice,":[46],"healthcare":[47,80,125,217],"(i.e.,":[49],"hosts)":[50],"often":[51],"need":[52],"build":[54,220],"predictive":[55,144,222],"tailored":[57],"their":[59],"specific":[60],"needs":[61],"(e.g.,":[62],"creatinine-level":[63],"prediction,":[64],"N-day":[65],"readmission":[66],"prediction)":[67],"using":[68,146],"learning.":[70],"When":[71],"building":[72,140],"a":[73,78,134,141,169],"model":[76,145],"for":[77,124,139],"single":[79],"institution,":[81],"two":[82,153],"key":[83],"challenges":[84],"arise:":[85],"(1)":[86,155],"ensuring":[87,199],"compatibility":[88,162],"across":[89,107],"heterogeneous":[90],"EHR":[91,105,148,157,206],"systems,":[92],"(2)":[94,168],"managing":[95],"costs":[98,115,229],"within":[99],"budget":[100,122],"Specifically,":[102],"heterogeneity":[103],"systems":[106],"hinders":[109],"compatible":[110],"modeling,":[111,158],"computational":[114],"can":[119,219],"exceed":[120],"practical":[121],"limits":[123],"institutions.":[126],"To":[127],"address":[128],"these":[129],"challenges,":[130],"we":[131],"propose":[132],"EHRFL,":[133],"framework":[137],"designed":[138],"cost-effective,":[142],"host-specific":[143],"data.":[149],"EHRFL":[150],"consists":[151],"components:":[154],"text-based":[156],"which":[159],"facilitates":[160],"cross-institution":[161],"without":[163,185],"costly":[164],"standardization,":[166],"participant":[170,189],"selection":[171,190],"strategy":[172,191],"based":[173],"averaged":[175,193],"embedding":[177],"similarity":[178],"reduce":[180],"number":[182],"participants":[184],"degrading":[186],"performance.":[187],"Our":[188],"sharing":[192],"embeddings":[195],"is":[196],"differentially":[197],"private,":[198],"privacy.":[201],"Experiments":[202],"open-source":[205],"datasets":[207],"demonstrate":[208],"effectiveness":[210],"both":[212],"components.":[213],"With":[214],"our":[215],"framework,":[216],"institution-specific":[221],"under":[224],"budgetary":[225],"constraints":[226],"reduced":[228],"time.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2026-02-02T00:00:00"}