{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127038208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","title":"A comparison of methodologies for avoided emissions quantification","display_name":"A comparison of methodologies for avoided emissions quantification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127038208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58516903","display_name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","issn_l":"0959-6526","issn":["0959-6526","1879-1786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042244110","display_name":"Michelle O\u2019Keeffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7130-9941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7130-9941","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0475-4203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michelle O'Keeffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0475-4203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021443969","display_name":"Matthew Brander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-3985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-3985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Brander","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042244110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":4660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4660},"apc_paid":{"value":4660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4660},"fwci":12.6103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97150886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"544","issue":null,"first_page":"147672","last_page":"147672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.3495999872684479,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoided-emissions","display_name":"avoided emissions","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-environmental-disclosure","display_name":"corporate environmental disclosure","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenwashing","display_name":"greenwashing","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-comparability","display_name":"methodological comparability","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-approach","display_name":"life cycle approach","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-sustainability-reporting","display_name":"corporate sustainability reporting","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4296000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72161134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421219","display_name":"Expert elicitation","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58516903","display_name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","issn_l":"0959-6526","issn":["0959-6526","1879-1786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/1e113763-1c70-4946-88b5-95e499b4fac0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/1e113763-1c70-4946-88b5-95e499b4fac0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"O'Keeffe, M & Brander, M 2026, 'A comparison of methodologies for avoided emissions quantification', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 544, 147672, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58516903","display_name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","issn_l":"0959-6526","issn":["0959-6526","1879-1786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.4943775534629822}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F1566338781","display_name":"Baillie Gifford","ror":"https://ror.org/00nkq2n63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W563999236","https://openalex.org/W1982474730","https://openalex.org/W1993714376","https://openalex.org/W2009522702","https://openalex.org/W2016414606","https://openalex.org/W2044936748","https://openalex.org/W2053232957","https://openalex.org/W2057084519","https://openalex.org/W2059509420","https://openalex.org/W2114264853","https://openalex.org/W2155480449","https://openalex.org/W2158007155","https://openalex.org/W2198609139","https://openalex.org/W2588977202","https://openalex.org/W2596998468","https://openalex.org/W2606541723","https://openalex.org/W2754515114","https://openalex.org/W2777002290","https://openalex.org/W2778991560","https://openalex.org/W2794194320","https://openalex.org/W2884626460","https://openalex.org/W2890808607","https://openalex.org/W2893829879","https://openalex.org/W2904575683","https://openalex.org/W2911544198","https://openalex.org/W2990168252","https://openalex.org/W3012742145","https://openalex.org/W3019730306","https://openalex.org/W3092387145","https://openalex.org/W3118997028","https://openalex.org/W3126203347","https://openalex.org/W3127767660","https://openalex.org/W3144455712","https://openalex.org/W3206630466","https://openalex.org/W4293237144","https://openalex.org/W4388202647","https://openalex.org/W4390101768","https://openalex.org/W4409324888","https://openalex.org/W4409833475"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0,325],"has":[1,136],"been":[2],"a":[3,25,61,157,167,232,275,327],"rapid":[4,26],"increase":[5,27],"in":[6,28,85,185,200,264,280,331,348],"the":[7,13,29,45,50,54,113,122,126,131,140,146,151,178,197,203,219,229,260,284,305,332,341,349],"number":[8,30],"of":[9,31,49,66,142,150,196,202,218,224,231,308,329,338,340,360],"companies":[10],"reporting":[11],"on":[12,139,228,242],"avoided":[14,38,67,79,266,309,319],"emissions":[15,68,80,267,310,320],"caused":[16],"by":[17,170],"their":[18],"products":[19],"and":[20,47,53,76,87,121,145,173,207,274,288,304],"services,":[21],"as":[22,24],"well":[23],"published":[32,107],"methodologies":[33,52,144],"for":[34,63,74,78,192,216,262,277,286,295,316],"how":[35,269],"to":[36,99,124,155,244,259,282,299,352,364],"quantify":[37],"emissions.":[39],"However,":[40],"there":[41,239],"are":[42,83,119,255,312,362],"concerns":[43],"over":[44],"quality":[46],"comparability":[48],"different":[51],"results":[55],"that":[56],"they":[57],"produce.":[58],"This":[59,91],"is":[60,128,154,227,240,326,343],"concern":[62],"both":[64],"critics":[65],"reporting,":[69,81],"who":[70,82],"see":[71],"considerable":[72],"scope":[73,285],"greenwashing,":[75],"advocates":[77],"interested":[84],"developing":[86],"improving":[88],"current":[89,358],"practice.":[90],"study":[92,153],"explores":[93],"this":[94,301],"problem,":[95],"using":[96,265],"content":[97],"analysis":[98,159],"identify":[100],"fourteen":[101,179],"methodological":[102,171],"components":[103,118,198,333,339],"within":[104],"five":[105,204],"key":[106,147],"guidance":[108,127,162,209,350],"documents.":[109,132,163,188,355],"It":[110],"then":[111],"assesses":[112],"specificity":[114,191],"with":[115,257],"which":[116,125],"these":[117],"defined":[120],"degree":[123],"consistent":[129,208],"across":[130,160,210,354],"Existing":[133],"academic":[134,297],"research":[135],"predominantly":[137],"focused":[138],"application":[141,307],"individual":[143],"novel":[148],"contribution":[149],"present":[152,184],"provide":[156],"comparative":[158],"multiple":[161],"The":[164,221,357],"findings":[165],"reveal":[166],"landscape":[168],"characterised":[169],"fragmentation":[172],"limited":[174],"definitional":[175],"clarity.":[176],"Of":[177],"components,":[180],"only":[181,214,222],"two":[182],"were":[183],"all":[186],"methodology":[187,211],"Guidance":[189],"lacked":[190],"at":[193],"least":[194],"half":[195,217],"included":[199],"each":[201],"documents":[205,212],"analysed":[206],"was":[213],"observed":[215],"components.":[220],"area":[223],"relative":[225],"alignment":[226],"use":[230],"life":[233,250],"cycle":[234,251],"approach,":[235],"however,":[236],"even":[237],"here":[238],"divergence":[241],"whether":[243],"adopt":[245],"an":[246],"attributional":[247],"or":[248],"consequential":[249],"perspective.":[252],"Four":[253],"recommendations":[254,294],"made":[256],"regard":[258],"need":[261],"caution":[263],"disclosures,":[268],"disclosures":[270],"could":[271],"be":[272],"improved,":[273],"call":[276],"standard":[278],"development":[279],"order":[281],"limit":[283],"greenwashing":[287],"improve":[289],"comparability.":[290],"A":[291],"further":[292,296],"four":[293],"investigation":[298],"support":[300,365],"standardisation":[302],"process":[303],"robust":[306],"accounting":[311],"made.":[313],"\u2022":[314,324,335,345,356],"Methodologies":[315],"calculating":[317],"corporate":[318],"shown":[321],"high":[322],"variability.":[323],"lack":[328],"consistency":[330],"included.":[334],"Poor":[336],"definition":[337],"calculation":[342],"common.":[344],"Variability":[346],"exists":[347],"given":[351],"practitioners":[353],"set":[359],"protocols":[361],"unlikely":[363],"comparable":[366],"disclosures.":[367]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}
