{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127037952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","title":"EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF LIVER MARKERS IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE VS CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","display_name":"EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF LIVER MARKERS IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE VS CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127037952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.71000/f2d0tp38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","pdf_url":"https://insightsjhr.com/index.php/home/article/download/1588/1606/7987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043341","display_name":"Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation","issn_l":"3007-2948","issn":["3007-2948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insights \u2013 Journal of Health and Rehabilitation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://insightsjhr.com/index.php/home/article/download/1588/1606/7987","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048303850","display_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Siddiq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Siddiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124723160","display_name":"Muhammad Husnain Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5248-0749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5248-0749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124703115","display_name":"Moeez Khalid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moeez Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124729497","display_name":"Fardous","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178777954","display_name":"Kohat University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057d2v504","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fardous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124739055","display_name":"Maham Fatima Awan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maham Fatima Awan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124719023","display_name":"Kinza Tariq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kinza Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124693143","display_name":"Saadia Momal Zafar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saadia Momal Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124726419","display_name":"Muhammad Suleman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Suleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117502621","display_name":"Rafia Anwer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafia Anwer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah International University Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"12","first_page":"403","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-liver-failure","display_name":"acute liver failure","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-liver-failure","display_name":"chronic liver failure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-enzymes","display_name":"liver enzymes","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine-aminotransferase","display_name":"alanine aminotransferase","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate-aminotransferase","display_name":"aspartate aminotransferase","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-phosphatase","display_name":"alkaline phosphatase","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-glutamyl-transferase","display_name":"gamma-glutamyl transferase","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilirubin","display_name":"bilirubin","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocyte-injury","display_name":"hepatocyte injury","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faisalabad","display_name":"Faisalabad","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994427840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970208","display_name":"Liver failure","level":2,"score":0.7904000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6812000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984","display_name":"Chronic liver disease","level":3,"score":0.6201000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.45980000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992872382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine aminotransferase","level":2,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018561737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver damage","level":2,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512861765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359801","display_name":"Liver function tests","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778606649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305481","display_name":"Alanine transaminase","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658207","display_name":"Liver injury","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991928575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver dysfunction","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020359197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359801","display_name":"Liver enzyme","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.71000/f2d0tp38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","pdf_url":"https://insightsjhr.com/index.php/home/article/download/1588/1606/7987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043341","display_name":"Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation","issn_l":"3007-2948","issn":["3007-2948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insights \u2013 Journal of Health and Rehabilitation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.71000/f2d0tp38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71000/f2d0tp38","pdf_url":"https://insightsjhr.com/index.php/home/article/download/1588/1606/7987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407043341","display_name":"Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation","issn_l":"3007-2948","issn":["3007-2948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Insights \u2013 Journal of Health and Rehabilitation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127037952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127037952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032850518","https://openalex.org/W2388976702","https://openalex.org/W2888281879","https://openalex.org/W2533731321","https://openalex.org/W2890293921","https://openalex.org/W2027928622","https://openalex.org/W6911449628","https://openalex.org/W2096253371","https://openalex.org/W3021716506","https://openalex.org/W7171318189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Liver":[1],"failure":[2,25,36,75,79,166,206,219,241,258,349],"is":[3],"a":[4,123],"life-threatening":[5],"clinical":[6,89,341],"condition":[7],"resulting":[8],"from":[9],"the":[10,13,340],"inability":[11],"of":[12,104,175,343],"liver":[14,24,35,41,44,68,74,78,165,194,205,218,240,257,270,285,306,318,344,348],"to":[15,48,82],"maintain":[16],"its":[17],"metabolic,":[18],"synthetic,":[19],"and":[20,29,52,65,76,115,144,150,160,180,189,222,242,316,328,334,351,355],"detoxification":[21],"functions.":[22],"Acute":[23,164],"presents":[26],"with":[27,72,171,186,230,238,247,268,320],"sudden":[28],"severe":[30],"hepatic":[31],"dysfunction,":[32],"whereas":[33,298],"chronic":[34,77,193,217,248,269,305,317,329],"develops":[37],"gradually":[38],"following":[39],"prolonged":[40],"injury.":[42],"Biochemical":[43],"markers":[45,69,226,345],"remain":[46,60],"central":[47],"differentiating":[49,347],"these":[50],"entities":[51],"assessing":[53],"disease":[54,322,330],"severity,":[55],"yet":[56],"comparative":[57,161],"local":[58],"data":[59],"limited.":[61],"Objective:":[62],"To":[63],"evaluate":[64],"compare":[66],"biochemical":[67,310],"in":[70,80,178,183,192,203,209,213,216,236,245,255,261,265,277,283,290,295,304,346],"patients":[71,106],"acute":[73,204,239,256,284,296,315,321],"order":[81],"identify":[83],"characteristic":[84],"laboratory":[85],"patterns":[86,311],"that":[87],"aid":[88],"differentiation.":[90],"Methods:":[91],"A":[92,102],"retrospective":[93],"cross-sectional":[94],"study":[95],"was":[96,301],"conducted":[97],"at":[98],"Allied":[99],"Hospital":[100],"Faisalabad.":[101],"total":[103,140],"100":[105],"aged":[107],"20\u201360":[108],"years":[109],"were":[110,120,153,156,200,253,275,281,312],"included,":[111],"comprising":[112],"44":[113],"males":[114,179,246],"56":[116],"females.":[117,291],"Serum":[118],"samples":[119],"analyzed":[121],"using":[122,158],"Microlab":[124],"300":[125],"semi-automated":[126],"chemistry":[127],"analyzer.":[128],"Measured":[129],"parameters":[130],"included":[131],"alanine":[132],"aminotransferase,":[133,135],"aspartate":[134],"alkaline":[136],"phosphatase,":[137],"gamma-glutamyl":[138],"transferase,":[139],"bilirubin,":[141,143],"direct":[142],"indirect":[145,299],"bilirubin.":[146],"Standard":[147],"reagent":[148],"kits":[149],"manufacturer-recommended":[151],"protocols":[152],"followed.":[154],"Data":[155],"summarized":[157],"descriptive":[159],"analysis.":[162],"Results:":[163],"showed":[167],"markedly":[168],"elevated":[169,276],"aminotransferases,":[170],"mean":[172],"ALT":[173],"values":[174,232],"370":[176],"U/L":[177,182,188,191,208,212,221,235,244,260,264],"360":[181],"females,":[184],"compared":[185,267],"120":[187],"110":[190,223],"failure,":[195,286,319],"respectively.":[196],"Mean":[197,250],"AST":[198],"levels":[199,252,274],"also":[201],"higher":[202,254,282,303],"(360":[207],"males,":[210,262],"355":[211],"females)":[214,266],"than":[215],"(135":[220],"U/L).":[224],"Cholestatic":[225],"demonstrated":[227],"variable":[228],"patterns,":[229],"ALP":[231],"reaching":[233,287],"375":[234],"females":[237],"252":[243],"disease.":[249],"GGT":[251],"(200":[259],"180":[263],"failure.":[271,307],"Total":[272],"bilirubin":[273,293,300],"both":[278],"groups":[279],"but":[280],"4.5":[288],"mg/dL":[289],"Direct":[292],"predominated":[294],"cases,":[297],"relatively":[302],"Conclusion:":[308],"Distinct":[309],"observed":[313],"between":[314],"characterized":[323],"by":[324],"pronounced":[325],"hepatocellular":[326],"injury":[327],"showing":[331],"sustained":[332],"cholestatic":[333],"metabolic":[335],"alterations.":[336],"These":[337],"findings":[338],"support":[339],"utility":[342],"types":[350],"guiding":[352],"early":[353],"diagnosis":[354],"management.":[356]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}