{"id":"https://openalex.org/W71264532","doi":null,"title":"Effective leadership styles: a pilot study in legal services.","display_name":"Effective leadership styles: a pilot study in legal services.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W71264532","mag":"71264532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:71264532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://essay.utwente.nl/64750/1/VandeWater_MA_BA.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007885513","display_name":"Lilian van de Water","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lilian van de Water","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007885513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.5249000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.5249000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.44510000944137573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-styles","display_name":"leadership styles","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentic-leadership","display_name":"authentic leadership","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-leadership","display_name":"ethical leadership","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servant-leadership","display_name":"servant leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-intensive-organizations","display_name":"knowledge-intensive organizations","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-performance","display_name":"organizational performance","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-effectiveness","display_name":"leadership effectiveness","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-context","display_name":"leadership context","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-goals","display_name":"organizational goals","score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-competencies","display_name":"core competencies","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"competitive advantage","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-directions","display_name":"future research directions","score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-development","display_name":"leadership development","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197386563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508686","display_name":"Leadership style","level":2,"score":0.7660889625549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5863940119743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7225491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697537","display_name":"Leadership studies","level":3,"score":0.5612669587135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88251983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489549","display_name":"Shared leadership","level":3,"score":0.5612467527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.4687120318412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44411739706993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207195186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846002","display_name":"Neuroleadership","level":4,"score":0.4235106408596039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164065428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201929","display_name":"Core competency","level":2,"score":0.4150051176548004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.41395899653434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3411213159561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30413228273391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.14238938689231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1097249686717987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:71264532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://essay.utwente.nl/64750/1/VandeWater_MA_BA.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3931175","https://openalex.org/W623754785","https://openalex.org/W643737715","https://openalex.org/W644623022","https://openalex.org/W1509593967","https://openalex.org/W1516759937","https://openalex.org/W1527890691","https://openalex.org/W1528622076","https://openalex.org/W1561689924","https://openalex.org/W1573084746","https://openalex.org/W1582248543","https://openalex.org/W1669209528","https://openalex.org/W1710194171","https://openalex.org/W1906660187","https://openalex.org/W1964026200","https://openalex.org/W1964079549","https://openalex.org/W1973784577","https://openalex.org/W1974451892","https://openalex.org/W1975016696","https://openalex.org/W1979572695","https://openalex.org/W1985184381","https://openalex.org/W1985314483","https://openalex.org/W1993692375","https://openalex.org/W2006483905","https://openalex.org/W2006511219","https://openalex.org/W2007002657","https://openalex.org/W2019299603","https://openalex.org/W2022282345","https://openalex.org/W2028179265","https://openalex.org/W2032363198","https://openalex.org/W2034502123","https://openalex.org/W2050028148","https://openalex.org/W2055929914","https://openalex.org/W2064369376","https://openalex.org/W2067708941","https://openalex.org/W2071997566","https://openalex.org/W2072797690","https://openalex.org/W2080341323","https://openalex.org/W2080707942","https://openalex.org/W2082047849","https://openalex.org/W2082302522","https://openalex.org/W2093332920","https://openalex.org/W2094363546","https://openalex.org/W2099687042","https://openalex.org/W2101045954","https://openalex.org/W2103491601","https://openalex.org/W2107975803","https://openalex.org/W2108091154","https://openalex.org/W2108423901","https://openalex.org/W2112763287","https://openalex.org/W2117209682","https://openalex.org/W2119325998","https://openalex.org/W2126920614","https://openalex.org/W2128747453","https://openalex.org/W2130070994","https://openalex.org/W2131776152","https://openalex.org/W2133499714","https://openalex.org/W2138963981","https://openalex.org/W2142643170","https://openalex.org/W2144109530","https://openalex.org/W2145777730","https://openalex.org/W2149803289","https://openalex.org/W2150790720","https://openalex.org/W2155720899","https://openalex.org/W2158123184","https://openalex.org/W2161487314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3112151145","https://openalex.org/W4393337740","https://openalex.org/W2022422588","https://openalex.org/W4401290356","https://openalex.org/W4392894603","https://openalex.org/W4315751024","https://openalex.org/W7066906265","https://openalex.org/W6949558855","https://openalex.org/W2746049736","https://openalex.org/W4399333061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Management":[0],"summary\r\n\r\nThis":[1],"research":[2,23,133,355,513,533,592,704,772],"is":[3,67,79,103,134,191,228,295,381,389,439,487,570,593,616,632,674,694,705,787,796],"written":[4,135],"by":[5,136,231,595,677,697,757],"interest":[6,56,65,137,270,291],"in":[7,14,34,57,77,81,121,138,145,154,215,224,236,271,281,292,347,397,406,461,537,562,604,657,660,676,696,707,756,806],"the":[8,39,43,61,73,97,100,114,119,123,126,139,155,168,178,184,188,197,204,240,249,293,331,348,356,368,375,392,398,407,410,442,462,465,472,476,492,495,514,560,563,568,605,612,619,622,636,642,646,658,672,692,718,726,730,739,765,768,788,793,807,812],"effectiveness":[9,140,346],"of":[10,21,55,60,99,141,157,171,180,187,196,207,269,350,377,428,444,494,551,559,565,567,611,679,699,720],"current":[11,26,142,341,369],"leadership":[12,27,33,46,75,89,107,115,143,214,219,273,312,315,342,361,370,379,401,430,437,447,455,741,747,775,785,790,800,815],"styles":[13,28,47,90,144,343,362,380,402,438,448,456,742,748,816],"legal":[15,35,146,589,601,613,722,732,769,809],"service":[16,36,147,150,590,602,614,723,733,770,810],"organizations.":[17,148,159,352,539],"The":[18,372,386,432,609,703],"main":[19],"question":[20],"this":[22,64,354,512,721],"is:":[24],"\r\n\r\nWhich":[25],"lead":[29],"to":[30,203,238,248,253,259,655,753,802,824],"most":[31,198,803],"effective":[32,106],"organizations?":[37],"\r\n\r\nDuring":[38],"past":[40],"four":[41],"decades":[42],"relationship":[44],"between":[45],"and":[48,125,177,251,261,279,283,313,359,394,414,426,468,524,648,713,743,749,792,817],"organizational":[49,83,92,234,284],"performances":[50],"was":[51],"already":[52,421],"a":[53,289,484,532,544,548,556,708,758],"topic":[54],"research.":[58],"One":[59],"reasons":[62,373],"for":[63,367,374,435,645,652],"that":[68,72,87,117,201,418,555,666],"several":[69,419],"researchers":[70],"considered":[71],"adopted":[74],"style":[76,116,776,786,791],"organizations":[78,151,161,166,217,227,591,603,615,685,724,734,771],"important":[80,179,199],"achieving":[82],"goals.":[84],"Research":[85,212],"showed":[86],"different":[88,340,423,538,600,731,740,808],"affect":[91],"performance":[93,479,485,515,527,744,750,782,794,818],"differently,":[94],"depending":[95,490],"on":[96,297,344,383,391,441,491,575,618,738,764,780],"context":[98,120,156,349],"organization.":[101,189,662],"There":[102],"no":[104,334],"single":[105],"style.":[108],"Instead,":[109],"an":[110,208,552],"organization":[111,209,496,546,564,569,629,647,665],"should":[112],"adopt":[113],"suits":[118],"which":[122],"leader":[124,737],"subordinate":[127],"interact":[128],"(Jing":[129],"&":[130,265,318,323,327,498,502,508],"Avery,":[131],"2011).\r\nThis":[132],"Legal":[149],"are":[152,162,275,333,363,481,517,529,542,820],"categorized":[153],"knowledge-intensive":[158,216,351,545,549],"Knowledge-intensive":[160],"often":[163,229],"indicated":[164],"as":[165,183,194,220,258,365,519],"with":[167,277,711],"great":[169],"latitude":[170],"their":[172,175,255,345,661,736],"employees,":[173],"emphasizing":[174],"freedom":[176],"intellectual":[181],"skills,":[182],"core":[185,242],"competence":[186,243],"Knowledge":[190],"thereby":[192],"identified":[193],"one":[195,630,678,698,774,781],"resources":[200],"contribute":[202],"competitive":[205],"advantage":[206],"(Politis,":[210],"2001).":[211],"about":[213],"emphasize":[218],"particularly":[221],"important.":[222],"Leadership":[223],"knowledge":[225],"intensive":[226],"characterized":[230],"leaders":[232,536,541],"shaping":[233],"conditions":[235],"order":[237],"allow":[239],"presumed":[241],"(the":[244],"professional":[245],"employees":[246],"close":[247],"products":[250],"services)":[252],"develop":[254],"creativity":[256],"so":[257,416],"perform":[260],"innovate":[262],"successfully":[263],"(Alvesson":[264],"Sveningsson,":[266],"2003).\r\nThe":[267],"drivers":[268],"today`s":[272],"theories":[274],"associated":[276],"changes":[278],"complexity":[280,300],"business":[282],"environments":[285],"(Higgs,":[286],"2003).":[287],"Nowadays,":[288],"growing":[290],"literature":[294,332,408,463,477],"focused":[296],"authentic":[298],"leadership,":[299,301,303,306,308,310],"cross-cultural":[302],"e-leadership,":[304],"ethical":[305,789],"servant":[307,360],"shared":[309],"spiritual":[311],"responsible":[314],"(Avolio,":[316],"Walumbwa":[317],"Weber":[319],"2009;":[320],"Brown,":[321],"Trevino":[322],"Harrison,":[324],"2005;":[325],"Carter":[326],"Greer,":[328,499],"2013).":[329],"In":[330,353,511,627,663,683],"articles":[335],"found":[336],"who":[337,634,686],"compares":[338],"these":[339,378,429,436,446],"authentic,":[357],"ethical,":[358],"chosen":[364],"variables":[366],"styles.":[371,431],"choice":[376,610],"based":[382,390,440,617],"two":[384],"aspects.":[385],"first":[387],"aspect":[388],"available":[393],"usable":[395],"information":[396],"literature.":[399],"These":[400,454,526,540,639,746],"getting":[403,459],"(again)":[404],"attention":[405,460],"over":[409],"last":[411],"few":[412],"years,":[413],"were":[415,449,457,641,650],"interested":[417],"researches":[420],"developed":[422],"definitions,":[424],"conceptualizations":[425],"measures":[427],"second":[433],"reason":[434],"fact":[443],"why":[445],"used":[450],"or":[451,547,582],"again":[452],"used.":[453],"al":[458],"after":[464],"corporate":[466],"scandals":[467],"management":[469],"malfeasance":[470],"from":[471,531,534,598,729,767],"previous":[473],"years.":[474],"\r\nIn":[475],"many":[478],"indicators":[480,516,528,751,819],"given,":[482],"but":[483],"indicator":[486,795],"specific":[488],"chosen,":[489],"goals":[493],"(Carter":[497],"2013;":[500],"Popova":[501],"Sharpanskykh,":[503],"2010;":[504],"Richard,":[505],"Devinney,":[506],"Yip,":[507],"Johnson,":[509],"2009).":[510],"defined":[518],"customer":[520,797,804],"satisfaction,":[521,523],"job":[522],"revenue.":[525],"findings":[530],"6":[535],"managing":[543],"part":[550,558,566],"organization,":[553],"meaning":[554],"large":[557],"work":[561],"primarily":[571],"intellectual,":[572],"it":[573],"draws":[574],"mental":[576],"abilities":[577],"rather":[578],"than":[579,669,689],"physical":[580],"strength":[581],"manual":[583],"craft.":[584],"\r\nThis":[588],"taken":[594,706],"38":[596,727],"lawyers":[597,654,691,728],"10":[599],"period":[606],"November":[607],"2013.":[608],"connection":[620],"within":[621],"researchers`":[624],"social":[625],"network.":[626],"every":[628,664,680,684,700],"person":[631],"working":[633],"knows":[635],"researcher":[637],"personally.":[638],"persons":[640,644],"contact":[643],"they":[649],"asked":[651],"more":[653,668],"fill":[656],"survey":[659,673,693,710],"has":[667,687,777],"20":[670,690],"lawyers,":[671],"filled":[675,695,755],"ten":[681],"lawyers.":[682,702],"less":[688],"five":[701],"web":[709],"open":[712],"closed":[714],"questions.":[715],"\r\nTo":[716],"measure":[717],"goal":[719],"research,":[725],"rated":[735],"indicators.":[745],"need":[752],"be":[754],"Likert":[759],"scale":[760],"(Vennix,":[761],"2006).":[762],"\r\nBased":[763],"results":[766],"only":[773],"significant":[778,822],"influence":[779],"indicator.":[783],"This":[784],"satisfaction.":[798],"Ethical":[799],"leads":[801],"satisfaction":[805],"organizations,":[811],"other":[813],"measured":[814],"not":[821],"related":[823],"each":[825],"other.":[826]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}