{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126099952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","title":"Machine-learning-guided tungsten single atoms promote oxyhydroxides for noble-metal-free water electrolysis","display_name":"Machine-learning-guided tungsten single atoms promote oxyhydroxides for noble-metal-free water electrolysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126099952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41611674","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12979610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68735-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68735-3_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368589","display_name":"Jaehyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-9342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-9342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-9342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050172587","display_name":"Ik Seon Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-2276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-2276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120158604","display_name":"Kunsan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj55q56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120158604"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152139","display_name":"Pohang Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02gntzb40","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152139"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ik Seon Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beamline Science Team, 4GSR Accelerator Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea","Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beamline Science Team, 4GSR Accelerator Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574","https://openalex.org/I4387152139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120158604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068600848","display_name":"Jiheon Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-9151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-9151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiheon Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033905360","display_name":"Sol A Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sol A Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074161029","display_name":"Woo Seok Cheon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-1996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-1996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo Seok Cheon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081314664","display_name":"Jin Hyuk Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-2960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-2960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hyuk Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124205759","display_name":"Sung Hyuk Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-6025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-6025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung Hyuk Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-6025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124277947","display_name":"Yeong Jae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1582-8312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1582-8312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeong Jae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1582-8312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091704345","display_name":"Mi Gyoung Lee\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4007-4270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4007-4270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi Gyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4007-4270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008831592","display_name":"Ki Chang Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-5372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-5372"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki Chang Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-5372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063709721","display_name":"Sun Hwa Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0404-3457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0404-3457","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-6283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sun Hwa Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-6283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. psh@kriss.re.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450639","display_name":"Soo Young Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soo Young Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. sooyoungkim@korea.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. sooyoungkim@korea.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017376744","display_name":"Ho Won Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-7359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-7359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120602","display_name":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01w62yz22","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ho Won Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. hwjang@snu.ac.kr","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hwjang@snu.ac.kr"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-7359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. hwjang@snu.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210120602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hwjang@snu.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017376744","https://openalex.org/A5063709721","https://openalex.org/A5100450639","https://openalex.org/A5124205759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I4210120602","https://openalex.org/I88761825"],"apc_list":{"value":6990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6990},"apc_paid":{"value":6990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6990},"fwci":20.7746,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99662203,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nife-oxyhydroxide","display_name":"NiFe oxyhydroxide","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-evolution-reaction","display_name":"oxygen evolution reaction","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noble-metal-free-electrocatalysts","display_name":"noble-metal-free electrocatalysts","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-interatomic-potentials","display_name":"machine learning interatomic potentials","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-energy-prediction","display_name":"adsorption energy prediction","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anion-exchange-membrane-water-electrolysis","display_name":"anion exchange membrane water electrolysis","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-transfer-barrier","display_name":"electron transfer barrier","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-stability","display_name":"catalyst stability","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186460083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333853","display_name":"Overpotential","level":4,"score":0.8241000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135473242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147614","display_name":"Oxygen evolution","level":4,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.6093999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.5913000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35590869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697332","display_name":"Water splitting","level":4,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48256821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903456","display_name":"Electrolysis of water","level":5,"score":0.499099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982926626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962383","display_name":"Sustainable energy","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41183919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423026","display_name":"Active site","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908783","display_name":"Extended X-ray absorption fine structure","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68735-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41611674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41611674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature communications","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12979610","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41611674/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Commun","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:39d6f8c4454144e785bbe53b722a62a1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/39d6f8c4454144e785bbe53b722a62a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68735-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68735-3_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64187185","display_name":"Nature Communications","issn_l":"2041-1723","issn":["2041-1723"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9463000297546387,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2512687933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2B5B03001851","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2863718937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M3H4A1A03057403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5753017291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2B5B03001851","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5923967191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M3H4A1A03057403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322103","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336769","display_name":"Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04scsat82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337144","display_name":"National Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/00cs28a13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126099952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126099952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969773847","https://openalex.org/W1973836541","https://openalex.org/W1979544533","https://openalex.org/W1981368803","https://openalex.org/W1982153238","https://openalex.org/W1992985800","https://openalex.org/W2001746593","https://openalex.org/W2013940168","https://openalex.org/W2042050383","https://openalex.org/W2063415728","https://openalex.org/W2083222334","https://openalex.org/W2092157292","https://openalex.org/W2133406747","https://openalex.org/W2195375488","https://openalex.org/W2302970633","https://openalex.org/W2323275360","https://openalex.org/W2326895507","https://openalex.org/W2473591459","https://openalex.org/W2520022941","https://openalex.org/W2541023699","https://openalex.org/W2573377826","https://openalex.org/W2601081289","https://openalex.org/W2806260854","https://openalex.org/W2894888152","https://openalex.org/W2923580268","https://openalex.org/W2945411159","https://openalex.org/W2974389001","https://openalex.org/W3009722102","https://openalex.org/W3025104221","https://openalex.org/W3027009873","https://openalex.org/W3083787926","https://openalex.org/W3087355161","https://openalex.org/W3093925967","https://openalex.org/W3093999435","https://openalex.org/W3094430113","https://openalex.org/W3094958767","https://openalex.org/W3125542198","https://openalex.org/W3165705488","https://openalex.org/W3201075143","https://openalex.org/W4200051412","https://openalex.org/W4225131034","https://openalex.org/W4255180653","https://openalex.org/W4280617757","https://openalex.org/W4307445495","https://openalex.org/W4310514953","https://openalex.org/W4312366831","https://openalex.org/W4321085451","https://openalex.org/W4367626474","https://openalex.org/W4390708165","https://openalex.org/W7121497003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7128160958","https://openalex.org/W7162096800","https://openalex.org/W4391430456","https://openalex.org/W7220898818","https://openalex.org/W4292413409","https://openalex.org/W3116438765","https://openalex.org/W2973065771","https://openalex.org/W4402377490","https://openalex.org/W2790499248","https://openalex.org/W3171331412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lowering":[0],"the":[1,129,134,141,168],"overpotential":[2],"of":[3,83],"oxygen":[4,52,164],"evolution":[5,53,165],"reaction":[6,54],"with":[7,35,101],"electrocatalysts":[8],"is":[9],"essential":[10],"for":[11,93,133,151,155,184],"efficient":[12,163],"renewable-electricity-driven":[13],"electrolysis.":[14,190],"Active":[15],"noble-metal":[16],"catalysts":[17,173],"suffer":[18],"from":[19,70],"leaching":[20],"and":[21,67,90,107,137,179],"scarcity,":[22],"while":[23],"non-noble":[24,171],"alternatives":[25],"face":[26],"limited":[27],"intrinsic":[28],"activity.":[29],"Here":[30],"we":[31],"combine":[32],"computational":[33,177],"guidance":[34],"experimental":[36],"validation":[37],"to":[38],"identify":[39,170],"atomically":[40],"dispersed":[41],"tungsten":[42],"within":[43],"NiFe":[44],"oxyhydroxide,":[45],"namely":[46],"W1-NiFeOOH,":[47],"as":[48],"a":[49,79,149],"promising":[50],"noble-metal-free":[51],"catalyst.":[55],"An":[56],"equivariant":[57],"transformer-based":[58],"machine-learning":[59],"interatomic":[60],"potential":[61],"accelerates":[62],"out-of-domain":[63],"adsorption":[64],"energy":[65,157],"predictions":[66],"nominates":[68],"W1-NiFeOOH":[69,77],"3,976":[71],"single-atom-incorporated":[72],"metal":[73],"oxyhydroxide":[74],"configurations.":[75],"Cyclic-electrodeposited":[76],"achieves":[78],"high":[80],"current":[81],"density":[82,108],"13.1":[84],"A":[85],"cm-2":[86],"at":[87,121],"2.0":[88],"V":[89],"remains":[91],"stable":[92],"500":[94],"hours":[95],"in":[96],"alkaline":[97],"exchange-membrane":[98],"water":[99,189],"electrolysis":[100],"commercial":[102],"membranes.":[103],"In":[104],"situ":[105],"spectroscopy":[106],"functional":[109],"theory":[110],"calculations":[111],"suggest":[112],"that":[113],"subsurface":[114],"W":[115],"promoter":[116],"induces":[117],"synergistic":[118],"electron":[119],"redistribution":[120],"neighboring":[122],"Ni-O-Fe":[123],"edge":[124],"active":[125,142],"sites,":[126],"thereby":[127],"lowering":[128],"proton-coupled":[130],"electron-transfer":[131],"barrier":[132],"deprotonation":[135],"step":[136],"facilitating":[138],"transformation":[139],"into":[140],"\u03b3-phase.":[143],"This":[144],"integrated":[145],"computational-experimental":[146],"workflow":[147],"provides":[148],"blueprint":[150],"cost-effective":[152],"catalyst":[153],"design":[154],"sustainable":[156],"systems.":[158],"Sustainable":[159],"hydrogen":[160],"production":[161],"requires":[162],"catalysts.":[166],"Here,":[167],"authors":[169],"single-atom":[172],"via":[174],"machine":[175],"learning-assisted":[176],"screening":[178],"reveal":[180],"their":[181],"active-site":[182],"mechanisms":[183],"high-performance":[185],"anion":[186],"exchange":[187],"membrane":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
