{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126080522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","title":"The Determinants of Health Expenditures in E7 Countries: A Panel Data Approach","display_name":"The Determinants of Health Expenditures in E7 Countries: A Panel Data Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126080522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001"},"language":"ng","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463409","display_name":"IGI Global eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advancing Equity in Global Healthcare Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126104127","display_name":"Advancing Equity in Global Healthcare Systems"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124205248","display_name":"Aziz Azman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7485-5228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7485-5228"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aziz Azman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7485-5228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037683104","display_name":"Co\u015fkun Akdeniz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-754X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-754X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125454184","display_name":"Tekirda\u011f Nam\u0131k Kemal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a0mk874","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125454184"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Co\u015fkun Akdeniz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tekirdag Nam\u0131k Kemal University, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-754X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tekirdag Nam\u0131k Kemal University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125454184"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12446","display_name":"Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-health-expenditure","display_name":"determinants of health spending","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e7-countries","display_name":"E7 countries","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-factors","display_name":"macroeconomic factors","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-factors","display_name":"demographic factors","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-pollution","display_name":"environmental pollution","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-mean-group-estimator","display_name":"Augmented Mean Group estimator","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-sectional-dependence","display_name":"cross-sectional dependence","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-run-relationship","display_name":"long-run relationship","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.579800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107515699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734113","display_name":"Income elasticity of demand","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302208","display_name":"Capital expenditure","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994140446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health spending","level":4,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121272143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021791","display_name":"Health indicator","level":3,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44970651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014030","display_name":"Fixed effects model","level":3,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777169553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130814","display_name":"Panel Study of Income Dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524218345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31218","display_name":"Health economics","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1330-6.ch001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463409","display_name":"IGI Global eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advancing Equity in Global Healthcare Systems","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581042275","https://openalex.org/W1975650452","https://openalex.org/W2043274740","https://openalex.org/W2065833371","https://openalex.org/W2067402622","https://openalex.org/W2100159459","https://openalex.org/W2115028778","https://openalex.org/W2118633721","https://openalex.org/W2123136623","https://openalex.org/W2152481702","https://openalex.org/W2154190476","https://openalex.org/W2155046404","https://openalex.org/W2161458058","https://openalex.org/W2270328054","https://openalex.org/W2326607129","https://openalex.org/W2329834464","https://openalex.org/W2612461286","https://openalex.org/W2747663066","https://openalex.org/W2883422158","https://openalex.org/W2893396992","https://openalex.org/W2897769692","https://openalex.org/W2902199973","https://openalex.org/W2929728592","https://openalex.org/W3040577909","https://openalex.org/W3047782020","https://openalex.org/W3113733200","https://openalex.org/W3123095200","https://openalex.org/W3123546330","https://openalex.org/W3134019758","https://openalex.org/W3176057976","https://openalex.org/W3194039829","https://openalex.org/W3204212281","https://openalex.org/W4221053725","https://openalex.org/W4221120528","https://openalex.org/W4250703910","https://openalex.org/W4298864541","https://openalex.org/W4312231772","https://openalex.org/W4361184279","https://openalex.org/W4390175925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415040145","https://openalex.org/W4206529840","https://openalex.org/W4413049189","https://openalex.org/W2017683947","https://openalex.org/W4368404676","https://openalex.org/W4280564768","https://openalex.org/W2085709452","https://openalex.org/W3187586624","https://openalex.org/W2810863258","https://openalex.org/W3088636134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Health":[0],"expenses":[1],"are":[2,63],"of":[3,8,26,49,68,109],"vital":[4],"importance":[5],"in":[6,29],"terms":[7],"contributing":[9],"to":[10,22,38,45,80,102,115],"human":[11],"capital":[12],"and":[13,52,61,90],"overall":[14],"development.":[15],"This":[16],"article":[17],"utilizes":[18],"annual":[19],"panel":[20,70],"data":[21],"explore":[23],"the":[24,30,34,47,66,69,72,106],"determinants":[25],"health":[27,56,99,110,119],"expenditures":[28,100,111,120],"E7":[31],"countries":[32],"covering":[33],"period":[35],"from":[36],"2000":[37],"2020.":[39],"The":[40,84],"analysis":[41],"employs":[42],"various":[43],"variables":[44,89],"measure":[46],"impact":[48,97],"macroeconomic,":[50],"demographic,":[51],"environmental":[53,91],"factors":[54],"on":[55,98],"expenditure.":[57],"As":[58],"cross-sectional":[59],"dependence":[60],"heterogeneity":[62],"detected":[64],"among":[65],"residuals":[67],"model,":[71],"Augmented":[73],"Mean":[74],"Group":[75],"(AMG)":[76],"estimator":[77],"is":[78,113],"employed":[79],"quantify":[81],"long-run":[82],"relationships.":[83],"results":[85],"reveal":[86],"that":[87,118],"macroeconomic":[88],"pollution":[92],"have":[93],"a":[94,125,129],"more":[95],"pronounced":[96],"compared":[101],"demographic":[103],"factors.":[104],"Moreover,":[105],"income":[107],"elasticity":[108],"estimates":[112],"close":[114],"unity,":[116],"implying":[117],"should":[121],"be":[122],"taken":[123],"as":[124],"necessity":[126],"rather":[127],"than":[128],"luxury.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
