{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126069360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217","title":"Concept-based methods for improving large language model performance in healthcare and scientific applications","display_name":"Concept-based methods for improving large language model performance in healthcare and scientific applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126069360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.71781/34217","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1866/44176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000152160","display_name":"Jidong Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-7538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-7538"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qin, Jeremy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000152160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-question-answering","display_name":"medical question answering","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-calibration","display_name":"uncertainty calibration","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-calibration","display_name":"confidence calibration","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-activation-vectors","display_name":"concept activation vectors","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"interpretability","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-applications","display_name":"medical applications","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-applications","display_name":"scientific applications","score":0.9300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.7031000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.2425999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21610000729560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430460","display_name":"Capability approach","level":2,"score":0.18880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84389358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129466","display_name":"Discourse analysis","level":2,"score":0.14830000698566437}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:doi:10.71781/34217","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1866/44176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:umontreal.scholaris.ca:1866/44176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1866/44176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402422","display_name":"Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"doi:10.71781/34217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402422","display_name":"Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.71781/34217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71781/34217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402422","display_name":"Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221274560","https://openalex.org/W7101471885","https://openalex.org/W4393138314","https://openalex.org/W7103911860","https://openalex.org/W7202232683","https://openalex.org/W7119424102","https://openalex.org/W7166958540","https://openalex.org/W7162583660","https://openalex.org/W7095020660","https://openalex.org/W4415634189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Les":[0],"grands":[1],"mod\u00e8les":[2,189],"de":[3,12,18,23,46,90,98,101,150,186,217],"langues":[4],"(LLM)":[5],"ont":[6],"d\u00e9montr\u00e9":[7],"des":[8,32,39,88,153,158,188,194,197,215,233,243],"capacit\u00e9s":[9],"remarquables":[10],"dans":[11,38,133,184,245],"nombreux":[13],"domaines.":[14],"Toutefois,":[15],"leur":[16,24,28,36,220],"manque":[17],"transparence,":[19],"la":[20,49,86,129,147,174,192],"mauvaise":[21],"calibration":[22],"confiance,":[25],"ainsi":[26,110],"que":[27,43,225],"contr\u00f4labilit\u00e9":[29],"limit\u00e9e":[30],"constituent":[31,232],"obstacles":[33],"majeurs":[34],"\u00e0":[35,66],"adoption":[37],"contextes":[40],"critiques":[41],"tels":[42],"les":[44,55,59,139,181,200,226,230,241,246],"soins":[45],"sant\u00e9":[47],"et":[48,100,165,211,237,249],"recherche":[50],"scientifique.":[51],"Cette":[52,93,144,204],"th\u00e8se":[53],"explore":[54],"m\u00e9thodes":[56,227],"fond\u00e9es":[57,228],"sur":[58,157,229],"concepts":[60,231],"comme":[61],"approche":[62,77,94,205],"unificatrice":[63],"pour":[64,173],"r\u00e9pondre":[65],"ces":[67,222],"limitations.":[68],"Premi\u00e8rement,":[69],"nous":[70,119,169],"introduisons":[71],"Atypical":[72],"Presentations":[73],"Recalibration":[74],"(APR),":[75],"une":[76,111,125,161,207],"qui":[78,127],"explicite":[79],"le":[80],"concept":[81],"d\u2019atypicit\u00e9":[82],"m\u00e9dicale":[83],"afin":[84],"d\u2019am\u00e9liorer":[85,240],"fiabilit\u00e9":[87,112],"syst\u00e8mes":[89],"question-r\u00e9ponse":[91],"m\u00e9dicale.":[92],"permet":[95,206],"au":[96],"mod\u00e8le":[97,132],"reconna\u00eetre":[99],"s\u2019ajuster":[102],"aux":[103,114],"pr\u00e9sentations":[104],"rares":[105],"ou":[106],"non":[107],"standard,":[108],"atteignant":[109],"sup\u00e9rieure":[113],"estimations":[115],"classiques":[116],"d\u2019incertitude.":[117],"Deuxi\u00e8mement,":[118],"proposons":[120],"Concept":[121,140],"Activation":[122,141],"Calibration":[123],"(CAC),":[124],"m\u00e9thode":[126,145],"ancre":[128],"confiance":[130,162],"du":[131],"ses":[134],"repr\u00e9sentations":[135],"internes":[136],"en":[137,178],"exploitant":[138],"Vectors":[142],"(CAVs).":[143],"aligne":[146],"probabilit\u00e9":[148],"pr\u00e9dite":[149],"correction":[151],"avec":[152],"signaux":[154],"interpr\u00e9tables":[155],"bas\u00e9s":[156],"concepts,":[159],"offrant":[160],"mieux":[163],"calibr\u00e9e":[164],"plus":[166],"transparente.":[167],"Enfin,":[168],"explorons":[170],"Concept-Based":[171],"Steering":[172],"g\u00e9n\u00e9ration":[175,193,208],"mol\u00e9culaire":[176],"conditionnelle,":[177],"montrant":[179],"comment":[180],"directions":[182],"conceptuelles":[183],"l\u2019espace":[185],"repr\u00e9sentation":[187],"peuvent":[190],"guider":[191],"LLMs":[195,244],"vers":[196],"mol\u00e9cules":[198],"pr\u00e9sentant":[199],"propri\u00e9t\u00e9s":[201],"chimiques":[202],"souhait\u00e9es.":[203],"conditionnelle":[209],"contr\u00f4lable":[210],"efficace,":[212],"sans":[213],"n\u00e9cessiter":[214],"techniques":[216],"fine-tuning.":[218],"Dans":[219],"ensemble,":[221],"contributions":[223],"d\u00e9montrent":[224],"m\u00e9canismes":[234],"interpr\u00e9tables,":[235],"flexibles":[236],"contr\u00f4lables,":[238],"capables":[239],"performances":[242],"applications":[247],"m\u00e9dicales":[248],"scientifiques.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
