{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126006779","doi":null,"title":"The effects of feedback on the validity of facilitated communication.","display_name":"The effects of feedback on the validity of facilitated communication.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126006779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.und.edu:theses-8712","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.und.edu/theses/7763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402276","display_name":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","host_organization_name":"University of North Dakota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124143353","display_name":"Jan Karen Witte-Bakken","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Witte-Bakken, Jan Karen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124143353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.030300000682473183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.015599999576807022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facilitated-communication","display_name":"facilitated communication","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-validity","display_name":"response validity","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback","display_name":"feedback","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"typing","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-aids","display_name":"communication aids","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picture-naming","display_name":"picture naming","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-inhibition","display_name":"response inhibition","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"inter-rater reliability","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776831358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150166","display_name":"Facilitator","level":2,"score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57022672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617378","display_name":"Stimulus control","level":3,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781083","display_name":"Augmentative and alternative communication","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7166998","display_name":"Percept","level":3,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.und.edu:theses-8712","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.und.edu/theses/7763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402276","display_name":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","host_organization_name":"University of North Dakota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983046133","https://openalex.org/W153596247","https://openalex.org/W1991033964","https://openalex.org/W2127693414","https://openalex.org/W1777832806","https://openalex.org/W2010059536","https://openalex.org/W2727749420","https://openalex.org/W2124342104","https://openalex.org/W2064403905","https://openalex.org/W1998202885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facilitated":[0],"Communication":[1],"(FC)":[2],"is":[3,8],"a":[4,25,43,147],"controversial":[5],"technique":[6],"which":[7,27,133],"purported":[9],"to":[10,20,32,54,73,96,144,157,192,204,283,348],"allow":[11],"autistic":[12,115],"and":[13,60,88,142,186,214,237,254,268,299,342],"other":[14],"developmentally":[15],"disabled":[16],"individuals":[17],"the":[18,51,57,67,74,78,90,98,122,134,139,145,159,164,167,173,179,184,194,197,205,233,241,251,275,296,307,321,327,335],"ability":[19],"communicate":[21],"through":[22],"typing":[23],"in":[24,112,121,132,295],"manner":[26],"allowed":[28,89,188],"unexpected":[29],"literacy":[30],"skills":[31],"emerge.":[33],"This":[34],"procedure":[35],"involves":[36],"physical":[37],"guidance":[38],"by":[39,210],"an":[40,215],"assistant":[41],"called":[42],"facilitator.":[44],"Subsequent":[45],"research":[46],"has":[47,102,339],"shown,":[48],"however,":[49],"that":[50,105,312,326,334,343],"facilitator":[52,68,135,180,313],"appears":[53],"be":[55,108,110,317],"influencing":[56],"resulting":[58],"messages":[59,350],"valid":[61],"communications":[62],"are":[63],"not":[64,70,316,332],"obtained":[65,224,246,287,302],"when":[66],"does":[69],"have":[71],"access":[72],"same":[75],"information":[76],"as":[77],"subject.":[79],"Previous":[80],"studies":[81],"utilized":[82],"picture":[83,161],"or":[84,149],"object":[85],"naming":[86],"tasks":[87],"subject":[91,154,168],"one":[92,225,258,288,303],"opportunity":[93],"per":[94],"trial":[95],"convey":[97,349],"designated":[99],"response.":[100,195],"It":[101],"been":[103],"suggested":[104],"subjects":[106,119],"may":[107],"actually":[109],"inhibited":[111],"responding.":[113],"Five":[114],"and/or":[116],"mentally":[117],"retarded":[118],"participated":[120],"present":[123],"study.":[124],"Three":[125],"phases":[126],"included:":[127],"(1)":[128],"A":[129],"replication":[130,252,276,308],"phase":[131,166,199,253],"was":[136,155,169,181,202,220,255,272,310,331],"screened":[137],"from":[138],"subject's":[140,346],"stimulus":[141,151,160],"exposed":[143],"same,":[146],"different,":[148],"no":[150,247],"item.":[152],"The":[153],"asked":[156],"identify":[158],"shown.":[162],"During":[163],"second":[165],"given":[170],"feedback":[171,201],"about":[172],"correctness":[174],"of":[175,183,218,229,262,292,323,329,337],"his":[176,278],"response":[177,227,260,290,305],"while":[178],"out":[182,228,261,319],"room,":[185],"subsequently":[187],"two":[189,211,234],"additional":[190],"opportunities":[191],"type":[193],"In":[196],"third":[198],"this":[200,324],"provided":[203],"subject-facilitator":[206],"dyad.Responses":[207],"were":[208],"scored":[209],"independent":[212],"judges":[213],"inter-rater":[216],"reliability":[217],"98.7":[219],"obtained.":[221],"Subject":[222,243,270,285,300],"1":[223],"correct":[226,239,248,259,289,304],"30":[230,293],"trials":[231,264,294],"during":[232,240,250,265,274,306],"intervention":[235,297],"phases,":[236],"none":[238],"replication.":[242],"2":[244,267],"also":[245],"responses":[249,280],"credited":[256],"for":[257],"16":[263],"Phases":[266],"3.":[269],"3":[271],"terminated":[273],"because":[277],"typed":[279],"indicated":[281],"refusal":[282],"participate.":[284],"4":[286],"our":[291],"phase,":[298],"5":[301],"portion.It":[309],"concluded":[311],"influence":[314],"could":[315],"ruled":[318],"on":[320],"basis":[322],"study;":[325],"validity":[328],"FC":[330,338],"supported;":[333],"use":[336],"dramatically":[340],"declined;":[341],"facilitators":[344],"overestimated":[345],"abilities":[347],"using":[351],"FC.":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
